文本迷宫与叙事棋盘：后设主义文本的比较分析
Textual Maze and Narrative Chessboard: A Comparative Analysis of Metafictional Texts

文章通过对博尔赫斯的《小径分岔的花园》、卡尔维诺的《寒冬夜行人》和游戏《海猫鸣泣之时》的分析，探讨了后设主义文本的叙事结构与创作方法。后设主义文本，即元小说，通过嵌套式结构、多重叙事层次和虚构的高度强调，突破了传统叙事的线性限制，强调了文本中的可能性。通过比较三部作品，本文指出了它们在叙事迷宫与叙事棋盘的构建上存在的共同点，尤其是在文本博弈、谜题设置与读者参与等方面。此外，文章探讨了后设主义文本如何通过复杂的叙述技巧，如断章、伪书和虚构真实，引导读者不断质疑并挑战传统的阅读模式。这种叙事策略不仅深化了读者对文本的理解，也使后设主义文本成为一种独特的文学形式。
This paper explores the narrative structure and creative methods of metafictional texts through the analysis of Borges’ “The Garden of Forking Paths,” Calvino’s “If on a Winter’s Night a Traveler,” and the game “When the Seagulls Cry.” Metafictional texts, characterized by nested structures, multiple narrative layers, and a strong emphasis on fictionality, break away from traditional linear narratives and focus on the possibilities within the text. By comparing these three works, this paper highlights their shared features in constructing narrative mazes and chessboards, particularly in terms of textual games, puzzle design, and reader participation. Additionally, the paper examines how metafictional texts use complex narrative techniques such as fragmentary narratives, pseudo-books, and fictional truths to lead readers to question and challenge conventional reading modes. This narrative strategy not only deepens readers’ understanding of the text but also establishes metafiction as a unique literary form.