无人驾驶船舶的法律地位与碰撞问题研究
Research on the Legal Status and Collision Issues of Unmanned Ships

无人驾驶船舶技术发展迅速，国际组织和各国都在积极探索制定相关的规则和规范以应对无人船技术带来的挑战，尤其是无人船碰撞问题的处理。在对无人船碰撞问题进行研究前应先对无人船的法律地位进行明确，即其应落入船舶的范围，可以适用相应的法律。基于目前无人船碰撞责任的适用困境，应区分无人船与有人船发生碰撞以及无人船之间发生碰撞等不同情况确定碰撞船舶之间的赔偿责任。同时由于国内目前无保险公司对无人船进行承保，应对无人船舶碰撞事故的承保模式进行设计，即无人船碰撞责任保险同时承保来自“人”和“系统”的碰撞风险，为更好应对与解决无人船碰撞问题。
The development of unmanned ship technology is rapid, and international organizations and countries are actively exploring the formulation of relevant rules and regulations to address the challenges brought by unmanned ship technology, especially in dealing with collision problems of unmanned ships. Before studying the collision problem of unmanned ships, the legal status of unmanned ships should be clarified; that is, they should fall within the scope of ships and be subject to corresponding laws. Based on the current application dilemma of collision liability for unmanned vessels, it is necessary to distinguish between different situations, such as collisions between unmanned vessels and manned vessels, as well as collisions between unmanned vessels, in order to determine the compensation liability between the colliding vessels. At the same time, as there is currently no insurance company in China that provides coverage for unmanned vessels, a coverage model for unmanned vessel collision accidents should be designed, which means that unmanned vessel collision liability insurance covers both “human” and “system” collision risks, in order to better respond to and solve the problem of unmanned vessel collisions.