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Mine Engineering 2024
碳酸盐岩边水气藏水侵规律研究现状与展望
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Abstract:
随着21世纪以来我国天然气消费量的急剧增加以及对外依存度的持续提升，国内能源安全面临着严峻挑战。在此背景下，碳酸盐岩边水气藏的高效开发对于国家能源安全尤为重要。本文系统分析了碳酸盐岩边水气藏中的水侵问题，涵盖了储层结构特征、气水两相渗流特征、水侵规律实验研究以及水侵动态数值模拟与计算。研究显示：(1) 目前，储层孔隙结构表征技术多样化，但研究多集中在微小孔喉和裂缝，针对孔洞的描述以及它们之间的搭配关系、沟通情况及对渗透率的贡献率的研究仍显不足；(2) 现有实验模型难以开展缝洞型气藏的气水两相渗流特征研究；(3) 目前针对水侵规律实验研究较少，认识缺乏统一；(4) 通过分析生产动态资料、试井和物质平衡原理可以进行水侵识别与预测，但这些方法在早期阶段的识别效果受限或是要求多次试井。因此，未来的研究需要开发能承受更高压力和更大尺寸的实验模型、进行多参数大尺度的水侵规律模拟研究和基于实验研究并结合渗流力学与气藏工程等方法针对不同类型气藏建立水侵数学模型，以深化复杂气藏水侵动态的理解，为碳酸盐岩边水气藏的高效开发提供坚实的科学基础和技术支持。
With the rapid increase in natural gas consumption and the continuous rise in external dependence since the 21st century, China’s energy security is facing severe challenges. In this context, the efficient development of carbonate gas reservoirs with edge water is particularly important for national energy security. This paper systematically analyzes the water invasion problems in carbonate gas reservoirs with edge water, covering reservoir structure characteristics, gas-water two-phase flow characteristics, experimental research on water invasion laws, and dynamic numerical simulation and calculation of water invasion. The study shows that: (1) At present, reservoir pore structure characterization technology is diversified, but research is mainly focused on micro pores and fractures. The description of cavities, the matching relationships between them, communication situations, and their contribution rates to permeability are still insufficiently studied; (2) Existing experimental models are challenging for studying gas-water two-phase flow characteristics in fracture-cavity type gas reservoirs; (3) There is currently limited experimental research on water invasion laws, and the understanding is not unified; (4) Water invasion identification and prediction can be conducted through analysis of production dynamics data, well testing, and material balance principles, but these methods are limited in early-stage identification or require multiple well tests. Therefore, future research needs to develop experimental models that can withstand higher pressure and larger sizes, conduct multi-parameter large-scale simulations of water invasion laws, and establish mathematical models of water invasion for different types of gas reservoirs based on experimental research combined with seepage mechanics and gas reservoir engineering methods. This will deepen the understanding of water invasion dynamics in complex gas reservoirs and provide a solid scientific foundation and
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