乡村小学科学教育的困境与解困
The Difficulties and Relief of Science Education in Rural Primary Schools

随着科学技术的快速发展，科学教育在培养创新人才方面的重要性日益凸显。然而，在乡村地区，小学科学教育面临着诸多挑战。本研究以重庆市某乡村小学为例，采用访谈法、课堂观察法等深入乡村小学进行调研，收集了关于乡村科学教育资源、教师队伍、教学方法等方面的第一手资料。依据调查结果进行分析，发现乡村小学科学教育存在教育基础设施匮乏、教师数量不足、教师专业素养较低、教学方法和评价方法单一、学生综合能力偏低等问题。主要是由科学教育资源分配不均、教师职业发展和激励机制不完善、科学教育观念落后、家校社的合作和沟通不足等引起。基于此，乡村小学需要加大科学教育基础设施投入、加强科学教师队伍建设、完善科学课程评价体系、充分利用本土资源、落实家校社合同育人机制。这有助于促进乡村小学科学教育的发展，提高乡村学生的科学素养，为乡村地区的可持续发展培养更多优秀人才，实现乡村振兴。
With the rapid development of science and technology, the science education in cultivating innovative talents is becoming more and more important. However, in rural areas, the primary school science education faces many challenges. This study took a rural primary school in Chongqing as an example, used interview method and classroom observation method to investigate rural primary schools, and collected first-hand information on rural science education resources, teachers, teaching methods and other aspects. According to the analysis of the survey results, it is found that the science education in rural primary schools has some problems, such as lack of educational infrastructure, insufficient number of teachers, low professional quality of teachers, single teaching methods and evaluation methods, and low comprehensive ability of students. It is mainly caused by the uneven distribution of science education resources, the imperfect career development and incentive mechanism of teachers, the backward concept of science education, and the insufficient cooperation and communication between home, school and society. Based on this, rural primary schools need to increase the investment in science education infrastructure, strengthen the construction of science teachers, improve the evaluation system of science curriculum, make full use of local resources, and implement the contract education mechanism of home-school and social organizations. These will help to promote the development of science education in rural primary schools, improve the scientific literacy of rural students, train more outstanding talents for the sustainable development of rural areas, and realize rural revitalization.