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大学生希望与亲社会行为的关系：领悟社会支持、共情的中介作用与遮蔽效应
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Abstract:
目的：探究大学生希望、领悟社会支持、共情和亲社会行为的关系，以揭示其如何通过心理机制影响亲社会行为，并阐明其间的作用路径。方法：采用领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)、成人特质希望量表(ADHS)、人际反应指针量表(IRI)、亲社会意图问卷(PBIS)，于2023年3~6月对山东省济南市某高校1000名大学生进行调查。结果：① 希望与大学生亲社会行为和领悟社会支持呈显著正相关(r = 0.23, 0.34, p < 0.001)，与共情呈显著负相关(r = ？0.16, p < 0.001)，领悟社会支持与共情和亲社会行为分别呈显著正相关(r = 0.07, 0.57, p < 0.05, 0.001)，共情和亲社会行为呈显著正相关(r = 0.16, p < 0.001)；② 希望对大学生亲社会行为的直接效应显著，效应值为0.077；领悟社会支持在大学生希望和亲社会行为之间起单独中介作用，效应值是0.220；共情在大学生希望和亲社会行为之间起遮掩效应，效应值是？0.049，并且领悟社会支持和共情在大学生希望和亲社会行为之间起到链式中介作用，效应值是0.014。结论：可以通过提升大学生的希望水平、领悟社会支持和共情能力增加亲社会行为。
Objectives: To investigate the connection between hope and prosocial behavior, prosocial behavior, empathy and perceived social support of college students, and to clarify the path of action. Methods: The Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and a Prosocial Behavioral Intentions Scale (PBIS) were used to investigate 1000 college students in a university in Jinan, Shandong Province from March to June 2023. Results: ① Hope was positively correlated with prosocial behavior and perceived social support (r = 0.23, 0.34, p < 0.001), and negatively correlated with empathy (r = ？0.16, p < 0.001). Perceived social support was positively correlated with empathy and prosocial behavior (r = 0.07, 0.57, p < 0.05, 0.001), and empathy was positively correlated with prosocial behavior (r = 0.16, p < 0.001). ② The mediating effect test shows that the direct effect of hope on college students’ prosocial behavior is significant, and the effect value is 0.077. Perceived social support plays a separate mediating role between college students’ hope and prosocial behavior, with an effect value of 0.22. Empathy has a masking effect between college students’ hope and prosocial behavior, and the effect value is ？0.049. In addition, perceived social support and empathy play a chain mediating role between college students’ hope and prosocial behavior, and the mediating effect value is 0.014. Conclusions: Prosocial behavior can be increased by improving the level of hope, perceived social support and empathy of college students.
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