Establishing Spatial Characteristics of High-Density Residential Neighbourhood That Can Influence a Sustainable Solid Waste Management System in Kasarani, Nairobi
Kasarani, a densely populated residential neighbourhood in Nairobi City County, has experienced increased demand for solid waste management services due to its rapid population growth. This study focused on establishing spatial attributes that can influence a sustainable solid waste management system in Kasarani. The study was conducted through random sampling where 105 housing units, 30 blocks, and 30 clusters were selected. It was established that the average amounts of solid waste generated per week in the study area were 8.64 kg, 198.72 kg, and 4968 kg per housing unit, per block, and per cluster, respectively. The per capita waste generation rate was 0.31 kg/capita/day, with an average household size of 4.90% of the residential blocks in the study area devoid of waste storage containers. This was attributed to high ground coverage, leaving minimal space for such facilities. This factor had a negative effect on waste segregation at the housing unit level. The illegal dumping in the study area was exacerbated by the lack of solid waste collection facilities and long distances covered by waste collectors to pull their carts to reach designated disposal sites. Housing units’ spatial characteristics, such as household size and number of rooms, had a positive correlation with solid waste generated by a housing unit at 0.709 and 0.534, respectively. Similarly, blocks’ spatial attributes, such as block population density and number of housing units, had a positive correlation with waste generation at 0.832 and 1, respectively. This means that as household size, number of rooms, population density and number of housing units increase, so does the amount of waste generated. This finding can be used by policymakers and developers to compute the capacity of block solid waste storage container, capacity and number of collection facilities, and the capacity of waste transportation vehicles.
References
[1]
Abubakar, I. R., Maniruzzaman, K. M., Dano, U. L., AlShihri, F. S., AlShammari, M. S., Ahmed, S. M. S. et al. (2022). Environmental Sustainability Impacts of Solid Waste Management Practices in the Global South. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, Article 12717. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912717
[2]
Alajmi, R. G. (2016). The Relationship between Economic Growth and Municipal Solid Waste & Testing the EKC Hypothesis: Analysis for Saudi Arabia. Journal of International Business Research and Marketing, 1, 20-25.
[3]
Cogut, A. (2016). Open Burning of Waste: A Global Health Disaster. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:202548765
[4]
Dangi, M. B., Pretz, C. R., Urynowicz, M. A., Gerow, K. G., & Reddy, J. M. (2011). Municipal Solid Waste Generation in Kathmandu, Nepal. Journal of Environmental Management, 92, 240-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.09.005
[5]
Debrah, J. K., Teye, G. K., & Dinis, M. A. P. (2022). Barriers and Challenges to Waste Management Hindering the Circular Economy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Urban Science, 6, Article 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci6030057
[6]
Dikole, R., & Letshwenyo, M. W. (2020). Household Solid Waste Generation and Composition: A Case Study in Palapye, Botswana. Journal of Environmental Protection, 11, 110-123. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2020.112008
[7]
Godfrey, L., Tawfic Ahmed, M., Giday Gebremedhin, K., H.Y. Katima, J., Oelofse, S., Osibanjo, O. et al. (2019). Solid Waste Management in Africa: Governance Failure or Development Opportunity? In N. Edomah (Ed.), Regional Development in Africa (pp. 2-5). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86974
[8]
Jakhar, R., Samek, L., & Styszko, K. (2023). A Comprehensive Study of the Impact of Waste Fires on the Environment and Health. Sustainability, 15, Article 14241. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914241
[9]
Jamal, H. (2020). Functional Elements of Solid Waste Management System. https://www.aboutcivil.org/functional-elements-solid-waste-management-system
[10]
Jayasinghe, R. (2013). Waste Management in the Global South: A Sri Lankan Case Study. In R. Jayasinghe, (Ed.), Garbage Crisis (pp. 87-108). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02111-4_5
[11]
Kathambi, B., & Ogutu, F. A. (2021). Effects of Institutional Framework Lapses in Solid Waste Management; Case of Ngomongo, Nairobi, Kenya. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-475257/v1
[12]
KIPPRA (2022, March). Accelerating Green Urban Growth in Nairobi. https://kippra.or.ke/accelerating-green-urban-growth-in-nairobi/
[13]
KNBS (2019). Kenya Population and Housing Census (Vol II, p. 270).
[14]
Mirmotalebi, S., Rahman, S., Tithi, M. R., & Apu, I. K. (2023). Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management in the Farmgate Area of Dhaka North City Corporation. World Journal of Engineering and Technology, 12, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2024.121001
[15]
Muchangos, L. S., & Tokai, A. (2020). Greenhouse Gas Emission Analysis of Upgrading from an Open Dump to a Semi-Aerobic Landfill in Mozambique—The Case of Hulene Dumpsite. Scientific African, 10, e00638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00638
[16]
Muthoni, E. (2018). IoT for African Smart Cities: A Model for a Smart Solid Waste Management System in Nairobi. https://repository.kcau.ac.ke/handle/123456789/111
[17]
Muthoni, W. (2014). Inadequacies of Solid Waste Management among Public, Private and Community-Based Organizations in Kasarani Constituency, Nairobi County. https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/server/api/core/bitstreams/fc40789b-2ae6-4767-90ae-1ebd63b6c4de/content
[18]
Nagpure, A. S. (2019). Assessment of Quantity and Composition of Illegal Dumped Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Delhi. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141, 54-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.012
[19]
Naibbi, A. I., & Umar, U. M. (2017). An Appraisal of Spatial Distribution of Solid Waste Disposal Sites in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 5, 24-36. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2017.511003
[20]
Ogutu, F., Kimata, D., & Kweyu, R. (2018). Essence of Environmental Governance in Solid Waste Management. African Research Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 5, 112-123.
[21]
Ramadan, B. S., Rachman, I., Ikhlas, N., Kurniawan, S. B., Miftahadi, M. F., & Matsumoto, T. (2022). A Comprehensive Review of Domestic-Open Waste Burning: Recent Trends, Methodology Comparison, and Factors Assessment. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 24, 1633-1647. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-022-01430-9
[22]
Rodney (2018). Integrated Solid Waste Management in Nairobi City County: The Social Enterprise Framework [Policy Brief]. https://tisa.co.ke/resources/policy-brief-integrated-solid-waste-management-in-nairobi-city-county-the-social-enterprise-framework/
[23]
Sawaya, R., Halwani, J., Nehme, N., Alawiye, H., & Diab, W. (2024). Assessment of the Characteristics of the Municipal Solid Waste Compost in Lebanon. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 12, 17-39. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2024.125002
[24]
Šedová, B. (2016). On Causes of Illegal Waste Dumping in Slovakia. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 59, 1277-1303. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2015.1072505
[25]
Sheau-Ting, L., Sin-Yee, T., & Weng-Wai, C. (2016). Preferred Attributes of Waste Separation Behaviour: An Empirical Study. Procedia Engineering, 145, 738-745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.094
[26]
Trang, P. T. T., Dong, H. Q., Toan, D. Q., Hanh, N. T. X., & Thu, N. T. (2017). The Effects of Socio-Economic Factors on Household Solid Waste Generation and Composition: A Case Study in Thu Dau Mot, Vietnam. Energy Procedia, 107, 253-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.12.144
[27]
UNEP, IETC, & CSIR (2018). Africa Waste Management Outlook (p. 8).
Visvanathan, C., & Trankler, J. (2003). Municipal Solid Waste Management in Asia: A Comparative Analysis. In Workshop on Sustainable Landfill Management (p. 11). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242220878_Municipal_Solid_Waste_Management_in_Asia_A_Comparative_Analysis
[30]
Williams, M., Schroeder, P., Gower, R., Kendal, J., Retamal, M., Dominish, E., & Green, J. (2018). Best Practice Interventions for the Circular Economy in Developing Countries. ECHO Community.
[31]
World Bank (2022). Solid Waste Management. World Bank. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/brief/solid-waste-management
