Typical row-crop agricultural practices can potentially be harmful to soil health and future sustainability. The use of cover crops (CC) as a mechanism to improve soil health on a wide scale remains underutilized. Soil health remains a major concern for the sustainability of agricultural productivity, therefore, research into CC implementation as a mean to preserve or improve soil health is warranted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of CC on the soils in the eastern Arkansas portion of the Lower Mississippi River Valley (LMRV) over time for various chemical soil parameters, including pH, soil organic matter (SOM), soil elemental contents (i.e., P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and B), soil respiration, and a generalized soil health score index. Soil pH decreased over time under both CC and no-cover-crop (NCC) treatments, by ？0.3 and ？0.2, respectively. Soil OM decreased over time under NCC by ？0.1%, but did not differ between CC treatments. Soil N availability decreased over time under NCC (？22.6 kg·ha？1), but did not change over time under CC. Soil respiration decreased over time under both CC and NCC, by ？76.1 mg·L？1 and ？77.3 mg·L？1, respectively, though there was no effect of CC treatment. The Haney soil health score index decreased under CC (？7.0) and NCC (？6.8) without an effect from CC treatment. Results of the study place emphasis on the temporal nature of soil health as influenced by cover crops and their potential to improve soil health.
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