矿区土壤重金属污染研究现状及赋存特性综述
Overview of the Current Research Status and Occurrence Characteristics of Heavy Metal Pollution in Mining Soil

我国矿产资源丰富，随着矿山的开发和利用，矿山附近的土壤重金属污染日益加重。目前，矿山土壤重金属污染问题是我国在环境治理方面的一个严峻考验，这些重金属元素不仅对矿区周边的土壤、植物、水体以及农作物造成了严重的损害，而且还破坏了土壤的结构。重金属离子能够在土壤中长期滞留，且易通过食物链进入人体在体内聚积，从而危害人体健康以及引起一些地方病。重金属元素在土壤中的赋存特性揭示了它们在土壤中的迁移、转化和生物可利用性，因此，了解土壤重金属的形态特征对于评价重金属污染的程度具有重要意义。本文综合概述了国内矿山土壤重金属污染相关的研究进展及污染来源，深入探究了常用的重金属形态提取方法(Tessier五步提取法和BCR连续法)的优缺点，并对土壤重金属污染的研究内容、研究方向以及形态提取方法的未来趋势做出展望。
China has abundant mineral resources, and with the development and utilization of mines, heavy metal pollution in the soil near mines is increasingly severe. At present, the problem of heavy metal pollution in mining soil is a severe test in China’s environmental governance. These heavy metal elements not only cause serious damage to the soil, plants, water bodies, and crops around the mining area, but also destroy the structure of the soil. Heavy metal ions can remain in soil for a long time and easily enter the human body through the food chain, accumulating in the body, thereby endangering human health and causing some endemic diseases. The occurrence characteristics of heavy metal elements in soil reveal their migration, transformation, and bioavailability. Therefore, understanding the morphological characteristics of heavy metals in soil is of great significance for evaluating the degree of metal pollution. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress and pollution sources related to heavy metal pollution in domestic mining soils. It delves into the advantages and disadvantages of commonly used heavy metal form extraction methods (Tessier five-step extraction method and BCR continuous method) and makes prospects for the research content, research directions, and future trends of form extraction methods for soil heavy metal pollution.