Software Taxation from the Perspective of the Recent Decisions of the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) in ADI’s 1945/MT and 5659/MG

The recent decisions of the Brazilian Supreme Court (STF) in ADI’s 1945/MT and 5659/MG have reshaped the taxation landscape concerning software. This article critically analyzes these decisions, exploring the implications for the previous tax framework and anticipating potential legal challenges. Through a comprehensive review of Brazilian legislation, jurisprudence, and academic literature on software taxation, this study investigates the evolving interpretation of software as a commodity or service. It delves into the historical context of software taxation, starting from RE 176.626 in 1998, and traces the evolution of technology, which has transformed software distribution from physical media to cloud-based services. The paper navigates through the jurisdictional conflict between the ICMS (Tax on Circulation of Goods and Services) and the ISS (Service Tax), elucidating the Supreme Court’s rationale for determining the tax applicability. In its decisive ruling, the STF affirmed that ISS prevails over ICMS in software transactions, providing clarity but potentially igniting competition among municipalities for tax revenue. Additionally, the article reflects on the broader implications of these decisions for federal taxation and identifies avenues for future research in the realm of digital economy taxation.