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抑郁患者注意偏向研究进展
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Abstract:
抑郁患者注意偏向是抑郁认知研究的重要部分。抑郁的特征是持续情绪低落、自我评价降低、动机下降、失眠和认知障碍。注意偏向是在信息加工过程中，特定刺激引起个体注意过度关注，致使对其他刺激关注不足。目前对抑郁患者的注意偏向的理论解释主要有注意成分理论、注意聚焦变窄理论、认知负荷理论和唤醒水平理论。在研究范式上有Stroop范式、点探测任务和线索–靶子范式等。现有结果表明抑郁个体对与抑郁相关的、强度较大的情绪刺激存在注意偏向，而对于注意偏向的产生原因、是否具有特异性以及与抑郁的因果关系仍未确定的。因此，本文对抑郁相关概念和理论、研究范式、现有研究情况及局限进行了探讨，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。
Attentional bias in depressed patients is an important part of cognitive research on depression. Depression is characterized by persistent low mood, lowered self-esteem, decreased motivation, insomnia, and cognitive impairment. Attentional bias is the process of information processing by an individual in which a particular stimulus draws excessive attention to attentional resources, resulting in insufficient attention to other stimuli. The current theoretical explanations of attentional bias in depressed patients include attentional component theory, attentional focus narrowing theory, cognitive load theory, and arousal level theory. The main research paradigms include the Stroop paradigm, the point-probe task, and the cue-target paradigm. Existing results suggest that depressed individuals have an attentional bias toward depression-related emotional stimuli of high intensity, whereas the reasons for the attentional bias, its specificity, and its causal relationship with depression remain undetermined. Therefore, this paper explores depression related concepts and theories, research paradigms, existing research, and limitations, and provides an outlook on future research directions.
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