|
|
连接还是孤立？问题性网络使用对青少年孤独感的影响
|
Abstract:
问题性网络使用被描述为一种与互联网使用有关的过度或控制不良的冲动和行为。然而，对于其与青少年孤独感之间的关系，研究结果并不一致。青少年在使用互联网和社交媒体的过程中，可能会面临各种问题，例如网络欺凌、网络成瘾等，这些问题可能会增加青少年的孤独感。同时，通过社交媒体与他人建立联系，也可能会增加青少年的社交圈子，从而减少孤独感。但综合以往绝大部分研究发现，问题性网络使用总体上与青少年孤独感的增加有关。本文拟梳理各类实证研究，以便更全面地了解这一问题。同时，希望能够推动青少年网络使用问题的更深入研究和解决方案的探索，预防和减少问题性网络使用的发生，促进青少年健康成长。
Problematic Internet use is described as an excessive or poorly controlled impulse and behavior associated with Internet use. However, research has been inconsistent on its relationship with loneliness in adolescents. In the process of using the Internet and social media, teenagers may suffer from various problems, such as cyberbullying, Internet addiction, etc., which may increase their loneliness. At the same time, connecting with others through social media may also increase a teenager’s social circle, thus reducing loneliness. However, a comprehensive review of most previous studies has found that problematic Internet use is generally associated with increased loneliness among adolescents. This paper reviews various empirical studies in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of this issue. At the same time, it is hoped to promote more in-depth research on the problem of adolescent Internet use and explore solutions, prevent and reduce the occurrence of problematic Internet use, and promote the healthy growth of adolescents.
| [1] | Bianchi, A., & Phillips, J. G. (2005). Psychological Predictors of Problem Mobile Phone Use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 8, 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2005.8.39 |
| [2] | Błachnio, A., Przepiorka, A., Boruch, W., & Bałakier, E. (2016). Self-Presentation Styles, Privacy, and Loneliness as Predictors of Facebook Use in Young People. Personality and Individual Differences, 94, 26-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.12.051 |
| [3] | Block, J. J. (2008). Issues for DSM-V: Internet Addiction. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165, 306-307. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.07101556 |
| [4] | Brand, M., Young, K. S., & Laier, C. (2014). Prefrontal Control and Internet Addiction: A Theoretical Model and Review of Neuropsychological and Neuroimaging Findings. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, Article 375. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00375 |
| [5] | Brand, M., Young, K. S., Laier, C., Wölfling, K., & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Integrating Psychological and Neurobiological Considerations Regarding the Development and Maintenance of Specific Internet-Use Disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) Model. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 71, 252-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033 |
| [6] | Caplan, S. E. (2010). Theory and Measurement of Generalized Problematic Internet Use: A Two-Step Approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 1089-1097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.012 |
| [7] | Costa, R. M., Patrão, I., & Machado, M. (2019). Problematic Internet Use and Feelings of Loneliness. International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 23, 160-162. https://doi.org/10.1080/13651501.2018.1539180 |
| [8] | Costello, E. J., Egger, H. L., & Angold, A. (2005). The Developmental Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders: Phenomenology, Prevalence, and Comorbidity. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14, 631-648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2005.06.003 |
| [9] | Davis, R. A. (2001). A Cognitive-Behavioral Model of Pathological Internet Use. Computers in Human Behavior, 17, 187-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0747-5632(00)00041-8 |
| [10] | De Jong-Gierveld, J. (1998). A Review of Loneliness: Concept and Definitions, Determinants and Consequences. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 8, 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0959259898008090 |
| [11] | Fang, X., Tian, M., Wang, R., & Wang, P. (2023). Relationships between Depression, Loneliness and Pathological Internet Use in Adolescents: A Cross-Lagged Analysis. Current Psychology, 42, 20696-20706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03180-1 |
| [12] | Görzig, A., & Frumkin, L. A. (2013). Cyberbullying Experiences On-The-Go: When Social Media Can Become Distressing. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 7, Article 4. https://doi.org/10.5817/cp2013-1-4 |
| [13] | Gross, E. F. (2004). Adolescent Internet Use: What We Expect, What Teens Report. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 25, 633-649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2004.09.005 |
| [14] | Hou, J., Jiang, Y., Chen, S., Hou, Y., Wu, J., Fan, N. et al. (2019). Cognitive Mechanism of Intimate Interpersonal Relationships and Loneliness in Internet-Addicts: An ERP Study. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 10, Article ID: 100209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2019.100209 |
| [15] | Huang, C. (2017). Time Spent on Social Network Sites and Psychological Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 20, 346-354. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0758 |
| [16] | Karakose, T., Yirci, R., Uygun, H., & Ozdemir, T. Y. (2016). Relationship between High School Students’ Facebook Addiction and Loneliness Status. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 12, 2419-2429. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2016.1557a |
| [17] | Khalaila, R., & Vitman-Schorr, A. (2018). Internet Use, Social Networks, Loneliness, and Quality of Life among Adults Aged 50 and Older: Mediating and Moderating Effects. Quality of Life Research, 27, 479-489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1749-4 |
| [18] | Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet Paradox: A Social Technology That Reduces Social Involvement and Psychological Well-Being? American Psychologist, 53, 1017-1031. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.53.9.1017 |
| [19] | Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012). Internet Gaming Addiction: A Systematic Review of Empirical Research. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 10, 278-296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-011-9318-5 |
| [20] | Kuss, D. J., van Rooij, A. J., Shorter, G. W., Griffiths, M. D., & van de Mheen, D. (2013). Internet Addiction in Adolescents: Prevalence and Risk Factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29, 1987-1996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.002 |
| [21] | Lapierre, M. A., Zhao, P., & Custer, B. E. (2019). Short-Term Longitudinal Relationships between Smartphone Use/dependency and Psychological Well-Being among Late Adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 65, 607-612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.06.001 |
| [22] | LaRose, R., Lin, C. A., & Eastin, M. S. (2003). Unregulated Internet Usage: Addiction, Habit, or Deficient Self-Regulation? Media Psychology, 5, 225-253. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532785xmep0503_01 |
| [23] | Li, W., Zhang, W., Xiao, L., & Nie, J. (2016). The Association of Internet Addiction Symptoms with Impulsiveness, Loneliness, Novelty Seeking and Behavioral Inhibition System among Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Psychiatry Research, 243, 357-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.02.020 |
| [24] | Lin, F., Zhou, Y., Du, Y., Zhao, Z., Qin, L., Xu, J. et al. (2015). Aberrant Corticostriatal Functional Circuits in Adolescents with Internet Addiction Disorder. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, Article 356. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00356 |
| [25] | Machimbarrena, J., González-Cabrera, J., Ortega-Barón, J., Beranuy-Fargues, M., Álvarez-Bardón, A., & Tejero, B. (2019). Profiles of Problematic Internet Use and Its Impact on Adolescents’ Health-Related Quality of Life. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, Article 3877. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203877 |
| [26] | Matthews, T., Danese, A., Caspi, A., Fisher, H. L., Goldman-Mellor, S., Kepa, A. et al. (2019). Lonely Young Adults in Modern Britain: Findings from an Epidemiological Cohort Study. Psychological Medicine, 49, 268-277. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718000788 |
| [27] | Meerkerk, G., Eijnden, R. J. J. M. V. D., & Garretsen, H. F. L. (2006). Predicting Compulsive Internet Use: It’s All about Sex! CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9, 95-103. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.95 |
| [28] | Meshi, D., Cotten, S. R., & Bender, A. R. (2020). Problematic Social Media Use and Perceived Social Isolation in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Gerontology, 66, 160-168. https://doi.org/10.1159/000502577 |
| [29] | Moretta, T., & Buodo, G. (2020). Problematic Internet Use and Loneliness: How Complex Is the Relationship? A Short Literature Review. Current Addiction Reports, 7, 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-020-00305-z |
| [30] | Musetti, A., & Corsano, P. (2018). The Internet Is Not a Tool: Reappraising the Model for Internet-Addiction Disorder Based on the Constraints and Opportunities of the Digital Environment. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 558. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00558 |
| [31] | Musetti, A., Cattivelli, R., Giacobbi, M., Zuglian, P., Ceccarini, M., Capelli, F. et al. (2016). Challenges in Internet Addiction Disorder: Is a Diagnosis Feasible or Not? Frontiers in Psychology, 7, Article 842. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00842 |
| [32] | Nowland, R., Necka, E. A., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2018). Loneliness and Social Internet Use: Pathways to Reconnection in a Digital World? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13, 70-87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617713052 |
| [33] | Odacı, H., & Çelik, Ç. B. (2017). Internet Dependence in an Undergraduate Population. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 55, 395-409. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633116668644 |
| [34] | Ong, A. D., Uchino, B. N., & Wethington, E. (2016). Loneliness and Health in Older Adults: A Mini-Review and Synthesis. Gerontology, 62, 443-449. https://doi.org/10.1159/000441651 |
| [35] | Ostovar, S., Allahyar, N., Aminpoor, H., Moafian, F., Nor, M. B. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). Internet Addiction and Its Psychosocial Risks (Depression, Anxiety, Stress and Loneliness) among Iranian Adolescents and Young Adults: A Structural Equation Model in a Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 14, 257-267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-015-9628-0 |
| [36] | Ozsaker, M., Muslu, G. K., Kahraman, A., Beytut, D., Yardimci, F., & Basbakkal, Z. (2015). A Study on the Effects of Loneliness, Depression and Perceived Social Support on Problematic Internet Use among University Students. The Anthropologist, 19, 533-542. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2015.11891688 |
| [37] | Parashkouh, N. N., Mirhadian, L., EmamiSigaroudi, A., Leili, E. K., & Karimi, H. (2021). Addiction to the Internet and Mobile Phones and Its Relationship with Loneliness in Iranian Adolescents. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 33, Article ID: 20180035. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2018-0035 |
| [38] | Pittman, M., & Reich, B. (2016). Social Media and Loneliness: Why an Instagram Picture May Be Worth More than a Thousand Twitter Words. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 155-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.084 |
| [39] | Ren, Y., Yang, J., & Liu, L. Q. (2017). Social Anxiety and Internet Addiction among Rural Left-Behind Children: The Mediating Effect of Loneliness. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 46, 1659-1668. |
| [40] | Savolainen, I., Oksanen, A., Kaakinen, M., Sirola, A., & Paek, H. (2020). The Role of Perceived Loneliness in Youth Addictive Behaviors: Cross-National Survey Study. JMIR Mental Health, 7, e14035. https://doi.org/10.2196/14035 |
| [41] | Shapira, N. A., Goldsmith, T. D., Keck, P. E., Khosla, U. M., & McElroy, S. L. (2000). Psychiatric Features of Individuals with Problematic Internet Use. Journal of Affective Disorders, 57, 267-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00107-x |
| [42] | Shettar, M., Karkal, R., Kakunje, A., Mendonsa, R. D., & Chandran, V. M. (2017). Facebook Addiction and Loneliness in the Post-Graduate Students of a University in Southern India. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 63, 325-329. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764017705895 |
| [43] | Shi, X., Wang, A., & Zhu, Y. (2023). Longitudinal Associations among Smartphone Addiction, Loneliness, and Depressive Symptoms in College Students: Disentangling between-and within-Person Associations. Addictive Behaviors, 142, Article ID: 107676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107676 |
| [44] | Shi, X., Wang, J., & Zou, H. (2017). Family Functioning and Internet Addiction among Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Roles of Self-Esteem and Loneliness. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 201-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.028 |
| [45] | Turkle, S. (2011). Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other. Basic Books. |
| [46] | Valcke, M., Schellens, T., Van Keer, H., & Gerarts, M. (2007). Primary School Children’s Safe and Unsafe Use of the Internet at Home and at School: An Exploratory Study. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 2838-2850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2006.05.008 |
| [47] | Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2007). Online Communication and Adolescent Well-Being: Testing the Stimulation versus the Displacement Hypothesis. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12, 1169-1182. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00368.x |
| [48] | Van Rooij, A., & Prause, N. (2014). A Critical Review of “Internet Addiction” Criteria with Suggestions for the Future. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3, 203-213. https://doi.org/10.1556/jba.3.2014.4.1 |
| [49] | Victor, C. R., & Yang, K. (2012). The Prevalence of Loneliness among Adults: A Case Study of the United Kingdom. The Journal of Psychology, 146, 85-104. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2011.613875 |
| [50] | Vozikaki, M., Papadaki, A., Linardakis, M., & Philalithis, A. (2018). Loneliness among Older European Adults: Results from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe. Journal of Public Health, 26, 613-624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-018-0916-6 |
| [51] | Weiss, R. (1975). Loneliness: The Experience of Emotional and Social Isolation. MIT Press. |
| [52] | Yang, C. (2016). Instagram Use, Loneliness, and Social Comparison Orientation: Interact and Browse on Social Media, but Don’t Compare. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19, 703-708. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0201 |
| [53] | Ye, Y., & Lin, L. (2015). Examining Relations between Locus of Control, Loneliness, Subjective Well-Being, and Preference for Online Social Interaction. Psychological Reports, 116, 164-175. https://doi.org/10.2466/07.09.pr0.116k14w3 |
| [54] | Young, K. S. (1998). Caught in the Net: How to Recognize the Signs of Internet Addiction and a Winning Strategy for Recovery. John Wiley & Sons. |
