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渔用可生物降解材料的研究现状及发展趋势
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Abstract:
海洋渔业的技术进步，为渔具及渔具材料的技术升级提供了支撑。以合成纤维加工的传统渔具及渔具材料无法降解，给海洋生态带来了严重负担。为了减轻不可降解渔具造成的“幽灵捕捞”、“白色污染”等一系列环境问题，开发生物可降解渔具材料已成为当下渔具材料研究的热点。目前，渔用生物可降解渔具材料主要包括天然纤维、微生物聚合物以及合成生物降解塑料等。本文介绍了目前国内外常见的淀粉基材料、聚己内酯(PCL)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)、聚对苯二甲酸–己二酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)等渔用可降解高分子材料，分析了上述材料的性能、研究现状及发展趋势。渔用新型生物可降解渔具材料可替代传统不可降解渔具材料，上述材料在渔业的创新应用有助于逐步解决“幽灵捕捞”、“白色污染”等一系列环境问题，发展生态渔业，促进现代渔业高质量发展。
The technological progress of marine fisheries has provided support for the technological upgrading of fishing gear and fishing gear materials. Traditional fishing gear and gear materials processed with synthetic fibers cannot be degraded, posing a serious burden on marine ecology. In order to alleviate a series of environmental problems such as ghost fishing and white pollution caused by non degradable fishing gear, the development of biodegradable fishing gear materials has become a hot topic in current research on fishing gear materials. At present, biodegradable fishing gear materials mainly include natural fibers, microbial polymers, and synthetic biodegradable plastics. This article introduces commonly used starch based materials, polycaprolactone (PCL), polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT) and other biodegradable polymer materials for fishing both domestically and internationally. The properties, research status, and development trends of these materials are analyzed. The new biodegradable fishing gear materials used in fishing can replace traditional non degradable fishing gear materials. The innovative application of these materials in fishing can help gradually solve a series of environmental problems such as “ghost fishing” and “white pollution”, develop ecological fishing, and promote the high-quality development of modern fishing.
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