我国海洋碳汇市场化实现路径的思考与建议
Reflections and Suggestions on the Implementation Path of Marketization of Marine Carbon Sink in China

发展海洋碳汇是我国生态文明建设的重要抓手，也是助力我国实现“碳达峰、碳中和”战略目标的有力支撑。建设我国海洋碳汇标准体系，是推进新时期海洋碳汇基础研究和市场化发展的重要保障。本文通过对海岸带蓝碳、渔业碳汇和基于海洋负排放技术碳汇的相关标准及方法进行分析，明确了我国海洋碳汇标准发展现状及趋势，并提出了包含6大体系，即基础通用、碳库规模调查与评估、碳库动态监测与评估、蓝碳计量、蓝碳适用措施、蓝碳增汇措施，以及16个子体系的海洋碳汇标准体系。建议应提升发展海洋碳汇支持力度，推进海洋碳汇市场化机制建设，完善海洋碳汇标准体系建设，提高海洋领域对我国应对气候变化工作的支撑能力。
Developing marine carbon sinks is an important lever for China’s ecological civilization construction, and also a strong support for China to achieve the strategic goals of “carbon peak and carbon neutrality”. The construction of China’s marine carbon sink standard system is an important guarantee for promoting basic research and market-oriented development of marine carbon sink in the new era. This article analyzes the relevant standards and methods for coastal blue carbon, fishery carbon sink, and carbon sink based on marine negative emission technology, clarifies the current development status and trends of China’s marine carbon sink standards, and proposes a marine carbon sink standard system consisting of six subsystems: basic universal, carbon sink scale investigation and evaluation, carbon sink dynamic monitoring and evaluation, blue carbon measurement, blue carbon application measures, blue carbon sink enhancement measures, and 16 subsystems. Suggestions should be made to enhance support for the development of marine carbon sinks, promote the construction of market-oriented mechanisms for marine carbon sinks, improve the construction of marine carbon sink standard systems, and enhance the support capacity of the marine sector for China’s response to climate change.