老年群体为何总是成为诈骗的受害者？一项质性研究
Why and How Do the Elderly Always Become Victims of Fraud? A Qualitative Research

本文运用扎根理论研究方法，对78个权威媒体报道的涉老诈骗案件进行三级编码，构建老年人受骗过程心理机制的四元交互系统框架，即“目标系统–动力交互系统–行动干预系统–行动执行系统”。从主观因素、客观背景及其相互作用的角度揭示了老年人受骗的影响因素，以及老年人在受骗过程中的行为动力及行为变化的深层原因。老年群体遭受诈骗是主体因素和外部环境共同作用的结果，因此，个人、家庭、社区、组织和社会多元合作的反诈行动对有效地预防和干预诈骗行为至关重要。
In this study, 78 cases of elderly fraud were analyzed deeply and a qualitative research method for three-tiered coding was employed based on grounded theory. The coding results showed that the psychological mechanisms of older adults being defrauded could be abstracted into a theoretical model of a four-dimensional interactive system, namely, “goal-motivated system, dynamic interaction system, action intervention system, action execution system”, which extracted the effect factors of elderly fraud from the perspectives of subjective factors, objective background, and their interactions, and also explained the behavioral dynamics of the elderly in the context-dependent process of being defrauded and the underlying causes for behavioral changes. The fraud suffered by the elderly group is the result of the joint action of the main factors and the external environment, therefore, a multi-level, collaborative approach—involving individuals, families, communities, organizations, and society—is crucial for developing effective prevention and intervention measures.