需要层次理论视角下乡村教师流失问题研究
A Study on the Loss of Rural Teachers from the Perspective of Hierarchy of Needs Theory

乡村教师是乡村教育发展的重要推动力量，然而，乡村教师的工资待遇低、福利制度差，工作负担沉重，职业认同感低，缺少爱与归属感，加之社会地位较低，发展前景渺茫等，这都会加剧乡村教师的流失，从而阻碍乡村教育的发展。根据马斯洛的需要层次理论，乡村教师的流失主要是由于他们在生理、安全、归属与爱、尊重、自我实现等方面的需要得不到满足。因此，要提高乡村教师的工作待遇，满足其生理需要；减轻乡村教师的工作负担，满足其安全需要；提高乡村教师的职业认同感，满足其归属与爱的需要；提高乡村教师的社会地位，满足其受尊重的需要；拓宽乡村教师的发展前景，满足其自我实现的需要。
Rural teachers are an important driving force for the development of rural education. However, their low salary, poor welfare system, heavy work burden, low professional identity, lack of love and sense of belonging, low social status and dim development prospects will aggravate the loss of rural teachers, thus hindering the development of rural education. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, the loss of rural teachers is mainly due to their physiological needs, safety needs, belonging and love needs, respect needs, self-realization needs and other aspects that cannot be satisfied. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the working benefits of rural teachers to meet their physiological needs; Reduce the work burden of rural teachers to meet their safety needs; To improve the professional identity of rural teachers and meet their needs of belonging and love; To improve the social status of rural teachers and meet their need of being respected; Broaden the development prospect of rural teachers and meet their needs of self-realization.