基于北斗定位优化的太阳能发电和水循环储热系统设计
Design of Solar Power Generation and Water Cycle Heat Storage System Based on Beidou Positioning Optimization

光照强度和工作温度是影响光伏板发电效率的关键因素。目前，社会普遍采用追踪太阳光线以及洒水降温方法来提高光伏发电效率。但是，洒水降温的方式不可避免地会导致水资源的严重浪费，同时，传统的压差式追光方法易受云层阴影等干扰而不能准确追踪太阳光线。基于以上两个问题，本文提出了一种基于北斗定位优化的光伏发电和水循环降温储热系统。为高效追踪太阳光线，本文提出了一种基于北斗系统优化的追踪方案。该系统利用北斗高精定位模块获取装置所在地的经纬度及协调世界时(Universal Time Coordinated, UTC)，通过天文算法计算出太阳高度角及方位角，确定太阳位置，并利用双轴二维云台控制光伏板运动，实现每一时间下太阳光线对光伏板的垂直照射；为有效解决降温问题，本文提出了一种封闭循环水路结合相变材料降温的方法，以单片机为主控系统实现对光伏板工作温度的反馈式调节，能够有效节约水资源并高效控制光伏板工作温度。与此同时，系统将光伏板热量存储在相变材料石蜡中，可以再用于日常居民的热水供应，减少碳排放。经过验证，该综合系统的性能指标完全满足实用需求，运行稳定可靠。
Light intensity and operating temperature are the key factors that affect the efficiency of photovoltaic panels. At present, the society generally uses the sprinkler cooling and tracking the sun to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, but the sprinkler cooling method will inevitably lead to a serious waste of water resources, at the same time, the traditional pressure differential light tracking method is vulnerable to cloud shadows and other interference and can not accurately track the sun. Based on the above two problems, this paper proposes a photovoltaic power generation and water cycle heat storage system based on Beidou positioning optimization. In order to track solar rays efficiently, a tracking scheme based on the optimization of the Beidou System is proposed in this paper. The system uses the Beidou high-precision positioning module to obtain the longitude and latitude and Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) of the location of the device, calculates the sun altitude Angle and azimuth Angle through astronomical algorithms, determines the sun position, and uses the two-axis two-dimensional head to control the motion of the photovoltaic panel, to achieve the vertical irradiation of solar rays on photovoltaic panels at every time. In order to effectively solve the cooling problem, this paper presents a method of closed circulation waterway combined with phase change material cooling, which uses single-chip microcomputer as the main control system to realize the feedback adjustment of the working temperature of photovoltaic panels, which can effectively save water resources and efficiently control the working temperature of photovoltaic panels. At the same time, the system stores photovoltaic panel heat in phase change material paraffin wax, which can be reused for hot water supply to daily residents, reducing carbon emissions. The design has been verified that the performance indexes of the integrated system fully meet the