防喷器拆卸装置的设计
Design of Disassembly Device for Spray Preventer

防喷器是钻井、不压井作业及倒换井下工具必不可少的安装装置，其关键密封件之一是闸板侧门的密封，所以对该部位进行定期拆卸也是重中之重。内部拆卸的前提是防喷器拆卸，本文主要从防喷器闸板侧门入手，它主要包括闸板、活塞杆、缸筒、缸盖及螺杆五大部分，其内部需要分析的受力关系有缸盖与闸板、螺杆与缸盖及闸板、活塞杆与活塞、密封圈、闸板之间，分析各个部位的受力情况，对下一步防喷器侧门的拆卸检修工作做基础理论数据支撑，针对现有防喷器拆卸装置主要是在防喷器整体上拆卸工作，没有对防喷器的各个具体部位展开分析，没能有效地减轻工人劳动强度问题，根据现有的拆卸设备深度剖析，解决防喷器从外到内、从重要部位到一般部位的拆卸，并设计出提高效率、提升工人安全、保护环境以及节省劳动力的辅助防喷器检修的拆卸装置。
Blowout preventer is an essential installation device for drilling, non well operations, and tool replacement underground. One of its key sealing components is the sealing of the gate side door, so regular maintenance of this part is also of utmost importance. The premise of internal maintenance is the disassembly of the blowout preventer. This article mainly starts with the side door of the blowout preventer gate, which mainly includes five parts: gate, piston rod, cylinder barrel, cylinder head, and screw. The internal force relationships that need to be analyzed include the cylinder head and gate, screw and cylinder head and gate, piston rod and piston, sealing ring, and gate. This paper analyzes the force situation of each part, and provides basic theoretical data support for the disassembly and maintenance of the side door of the blowout preventer in the next step. In view of the fact that the existing blowout preventer disassembly device mainly disassembles the overall blowout preventer, without analyzing the specific parts of the blowout preventer, it has not effectively reduced the labor intensity of workers. Based on the in-depth analysis of the existing disassembly equipment, this paper solves the disassembly of the BOP from the outside to the inside, from the important parts to the general parts, and designs a disassembly device that improves efficiency, improves worker safety, protects the environment and saves labor.