生物气溶胶采样技术及设备研究
Research on Bioaerosol Sampling Technology and Equipment

自然界空气中的微生物对人类生活和健康有着广泛影响。2003年暴发的重症急性呼吸综合症(SARS)、2009年的H1N1、2013年在我国首次发现的H7N9以及2019年爆发的新冠肺炎疫情使得全世界开始更加关注空气传染性疾病的传播。在多种疾病的传播方式中，空气传播具有传播途径易实现、传播广泛、发病率高等特点，而其中的生物气溶胶传播更是因其在空气颗粒物中所占比例小，可通过呼吸道、皮肤和消化道进入人体，引起感染、过敏性疾病和中毒等特点更加难以预防。所以对空气中病原体的实时监测和预警成为控制疫情传播的关键。本文主要总结了国内外关于微生物气溶胶采样技术及设备研究进展，尤其是在微生物气溶胶粒度分离与浓缩采样技术方面，结合研究现状，提出改进措施。
Microorganisms in the air of nature have a wide range of effects on human life and health. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, H1N1 in 2009, the first discovery of H7N9 in China in 2013, and the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 this year have raised global concerns about the transmission of air infectious diseases. Among the transmission modes of various diseases, airborne transmission is characterized by easy realization of transmission routes, wide range of transmission, and high incidence rate. Among them, the biological aerosol transmission is even more difficult to prevent due to its small proportion in air particles, which can enter the human body through the respiratory tract, skin, and digestive tract, causing infection, allergic diseases, and poisoning. Therefore, the real-time monitoring and early warning of pathogens in the air become the key to controlling the spread of the epidemic. This paper summarizes the research progress of biological aerosol sampling technology and equipment in domestic and overseas, especially in the aspect of particle separation and concentration sampling technology of biological aerosol. Combined with the research status, the improvement measures and development advantages are proposed.