The study carried out concerns the valorization of agricultural waste for the development of biosourced materials that can be used as insulation in homes. This article is devoted to the influence of gum arabic on the mechanical and thermal properties of clay soils in the town of Abéché. The mechanical tests were carried out using the CBR press equipped with two devices (bending device and compression device). Thermal property such as thermal conductivity was determined by the hot wire method and thermal resistance was derived by calculation. Thus, the tests were carried out on test pieces made from a mixture of clay and gum arabic in solution. The experimental program includes seven formulations (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% and 12%). The results obtained showed that the best flexural and compressive strengths are obtained by using gum arabic with a rate of 8% and a maximum stress of 4.3 MPa. In addition, the thermal results also showed that the thermal conductivity decreases when the percentage of gum arabic increases, which makes it possible to increase the thermal resistance, thus confirming the capacity of gum arabic to provide thermal insulation.
References
[1]
Madjihingam, N., Pagore, D., Mache, J.R., Warabi, B., Kagonbe, B.P. and Kouotou, P.M. (2024) Clay Materials for Ceramics Application from N’djamena in the Chad Republic: Mineralogical, Physicochemical and Microstructural Characterization. JournalofMaterialsScienceandChemicalEngineering, 12, 31-48. https://doi.org/10.4236/msce.2024.122003
[2]
Glavind, M. (2009) Sustainability of Cement, Concrete and Cement Replacement Materials in Construction. In: Khatib, J.M., Ed., SustainabilityofConstructionMaterials, Elsevier, 120-147. https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845695842.120
[3]
Ouedraogo, K.A.J. (2019) Stabilization of Sustainable and Ecological Construction Materials Based on Raw Earth Using Organic and/or Mineral Binders with Low Environmental Impacts. Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier University.
[4]
Mahamat, A.D. (2016) Comparative Study of Characteristics Thermophysics and Mechanics of Local Construction Materials Used in Social Housing in Chad. Université de Thiès.
[5]
Bajji, S., Naimi, Y. and Saba, A. (2023) Study of the Mechanical Properties of Clay Bricks from the Region of the City of Tiznit Stabilized by Natural Waste. Rinnova, 5, 1-5.
[6]
Vu, V.A. (2021) Composite Material Based on Wood and Inorganic Binder Contributing to the Thermal Comfort of Buildings. Université Laval.
[7]
Bruno, A.W. (2015) Raw Earth Bricks: High Pressure Compaction Procedure and Influence on Mechanical Properties. Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour.
[8]
Osseni, S.O.G., Apovo, B.D. and Ahouannou, C. (2016) Thermal Characterization of Cement Mortars Doped with Coconut Fibers by the Asymmetric Hot Plane Method at a Temperature Measurement. Materials Sciences and Applications, 12, 119-129.
[9]
Mango-Itulamya, L.A. (2019) Valorization of Clay Deposits for the Manufacture of Compressed Earth Blocks. Doctoral Thesis, University of Liège.
[10]
Emmanuel, O., Ousmane, C., Abdoulaye, O. and Adamah, M. (2015) Mechanical and Thermophysical Characterization of Compressed Earth Blocks Stabilized with Paper (Cellulose) and/or Cement. Mechanical and Thermophysical Properties of Cement and/or Paper (Cellulose) Stabilized Compressed Clay Bricks. Journal of Materials and Engineering Structures, 2, 68-76.
[11]
Namango, S.S. (2006) Development of Cost-Effective Earthen Building Material for Housing Wall Construction: Investigations into the Properties of Compressed Earth Blocks Stabilized with Sisal Vegetable Fibers, Cassava Powder and Cement Compositions. Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus.
[12]
Soulouknga, M.H., Dandoussou, A. and Djongyang, N. (2022) Empirical Models for the Evaluation of Global Solar Radiation for the Site of Abeche in the Province of Ouaddaï, in Chad. SmartGridandRenewableEnergy, 13, 223-234. https://doi.org/10.4236/sgre.2022.1310014
[13]
Houben, H., Rigassi, V. and Garnier, P. (1996) Compressed Earth Blocks, Production Equipment. 2nd Edition, CDI & CRATerre.
[14]
Saadi, I. and Belouttar, R. (2011) Mechanical Behavior of Raw Earth Bricks Reinforced with Date Palm Fibers and Straw Fibers. International Seminar, Innovation & Valorization in Civil Engineering & Construction Materials, Algeria, 23-25 November 2011, 1-5.
[15]
Ngoulou, M., Elenga, R.G., Ahouet, L., Bouyila, S. and Konda, S. (2019) Modeling the Drying Kinetics of Earth Bricks Stabilized with Cassava Flour Gel and Amylopectin. Geomaterials, 9, 40-53. https://doi.org/10.4236/gm.2019.91004
[16]
Mesbah, A., Morel, J.C., Walker, P. and Ghavami, K. (2004) Development of a Direct Tensile Test for Compacted Earth Blocks Reinforced with Natural Fibers. JournalofMaterialsinCivilEngineering, 16, 95-98. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(2004)16:1(95)
[17]
Moussa, H.S., Nshimiyimana, P., Hema, C., Zoungrana, O., Messan, A. and Courard, L. (2019) Comparative Study of Thermal Comfort Induced from Masonry Made of Stabilized Compressed Earth Block vs Conventional Cementitious Material. JournalofMineralsandMaterialsCharacterizationandEngineering, 7, 385-403. https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2019.76026
[18]
Mekhermeche, A. (2012) Contribution to the Study of the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Earthen Bricks with a View to Their Use in the Restoration of Ksours. Université Kasdi Merbah Ouargla.
[19]
Abdel-Khadir, M.S., Dadi Mahamat, A., Ali, A., Y.K, M. and Gaye, S. (2023) Geotechnical Study and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Soils of Three Quarries in the City of Abeche in Chad. InternationalJournalofAdvancedResearch, 11, 318-326. https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/16883
[20]
Chen, L. and Huang, G. (2018) The Antiviral Activity of Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives. InternationalJournalofBiologicalMacromolecules, 115, 77-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.056
[21]
Yadav, M.P., Manuel Igartuburu, J., Yan, Y. and Nothnagel, E.A. (2007) Chemical Investigation of the Structural Basis of the Emulsifying Activity of Gum Arabic. FoodHydrocolloids, 21, 297-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2006.05.001
[22]
Benelmir, R., Ali, A., Tanguier, J.-L. and Saleh, A. (2019) Mechanical Characteristics of Compressed Earth Blocks (BTC) Stabilized by Gum Arabic. Afrique Science: Revue Internationale des Sciences et Technologies, 15, 348-360.
[23]
Al-Assaf, S., Sakata, M., McKenna, C., Aoki, H. and Phillips, G.O. (2009) Molecular Associations in Acacia Gums. StructuralChemistry, 20, 325-336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11224-009-9430-3
[24]
NF EN 1015-11 (2000) Test Method for Mortars for Masonry—Part 11: Determination of the Resistance to Bending and Compression of Hardened Mortar.
[25]
Claude, S. (2018) Experimental and Digital Study of Solutions Based on Eco-Materials for the Thermal Renovation of Urban Built Heritage. National Institute of Applied Sciences of Toulouse (INSA Toulouse). https://theses.hal.science/tel-01884760
