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国外健康不平等研究进展——基于马克思主义视角
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Abstract:
自资本主义生产方式确立以来，劳动便成为资本的隶属，相应的工人就业条件也随着社会生产力以及劳动–资本关系的变化而变化。本文将就业条件分为标准雇佣关系、失业、不稳定就业、非正规就业四种形式。以标准雇佣关系为参照，文章首先系统审查不同就业条件对健康不平等影响的研究成果；其次回顾雇佣关系的起源，工人就业条件的历史发展，以及将就业条件与工人健康联系起来的历史、经济和政治因素；接着从马克思主义政治经济学的视角审视工人健康不平等的深层次原因；最后总结这些文献的优点和缺点，并强调需要解决的实质性问题和研究方法上面临的挑战，并提出改善工人健康状况的建议。
Since the establishment of the capitalist mode of production, labor has become subordinate to capital, and correspondingly, the conditions of employment have changed with shifts in social productivity and the labor-capital relationship. This paper categorizes employment conditions into four forms: standard employment relationships, unemployment, insecure employment, and informal employment. Using standard employment relationships as a reference point, this article systematically reviews research findings on the impact of different employment conditions on health inequality. It also examines the origins of employment relationships, historical developments in workers’ job conditions, and the historical, economic, and political factors linking job conditions to workers’ health. Furthermore, it scrutinizes deep-seated causes of health inequality among workers from a Marxist political economy perspective. Finally, it summarizes both strengths and weaknesses found in these studies while emphasizing fundamental issues that need addressing as well as challenges faced in research methods. Additionally, it offers suggestions for improving workers’ health.
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