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高海拔地区心肌损伤心脏磁共振技术研究进展
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Abstract:
随着精准医学和人工智能的迅速发展，对心脏相关疾病的研究也日益深入，关于心脏的评估已从早期的解剖结构检查逐渐转向心肌功能和活性的评价。长期生活在高海拔地区低氧环境下易导致心肌损伤，严重情况甚至可引发高原性心脏病(high altitude heart disease, HAHD)。早期心肌损伤目前比较难以诊断，且预后较差，因此及时进行诊断和治疗对高海拔地区居民的健康至关重要。心脏磁共振成像(cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, CMR)能敏感地检测出高海拔地区心肌早期结构和功能的变化，可为临床提供早期诊断和治疗的科学依据，同时在心脏相关疾病疗效监测、用药指导和预后判断等方面发挥着重要作用。本研究对高海拔地区心脏早期损伤的临床特点、损伤机制、心脏磁共振评价方法以及临床意义进行综述。
Research on heart-related disorders has become more thorough as precision medicine and artificial intelligence have advanced quickly. Assessment of myocardial function and activity has gradually replaced early anatomical structure testing in the evaluation of the heart. Living in low oxygen settings for an extended period of time at high altitudes can easily cause cardiac damage. In extreme circumstances, it may result high altitude heart disease (HAHD). For the health of people living in high-altitude regions, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential because early myocardial damage is currently difficult to diagnose and has a bad prognosis. In high-altitude environments, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) can accurately identify early alterations in the structure and function of the heart, offering a scientific foundation for prompt diagnosis and treatment in clinical settings. It is also crucial for prognosis prediction, drug guidance, and evaluating the effectiveness of heart-related conditions. The clinical features, mechanisms of injury, techniques for evaluating cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and clinical importance of early heart injury in high-altitude regions are reviewed in this paper.
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