语用等效视角下TS翻译策略探析
An Analysis of Translation Strategies for TS from a Pragmatic Equivalence Perspective

汤姆诙谐句(TS)一直是修辞翻译的一个难点，它有固定格式、依赖双关来创造幽默，也因为其特殊的语言形式与意义传递紧密联系，增加了翻译难度，具有不可译性。可译与不可译是辩证的，基于语用交际的目的，本文提出汤姆恢谐句英汉翻译的首要原则——修辞语效的保留，认为修辞翻译的首要目的是让读者欣赏特殊的语言形式和修辞效果。这种修辞效果的取得，在不得已的情况下，是以牺牲意义或不忠实于原文的代价来实现的。在这一原则基础上，提出三种基本策略：1) 直译；2) 相同语义范围内的措辞调整；3) 改写或增补以达语效。如特殊的修辞结构、诗歌形式等。只要译者充分调动能动性，遵循一定翻译原则，运用恰当的翻译策略，就可以富有创造性地将看似不可译的修辞进行有效翻译，增进文化交流。
Tom Swifties (TS) have always posed a challenge in rhetorical translation due to their fixed format, reliance on puns for humor, and the close connection between their unique linguistic form and meaning transmission, all of which increase the difficulty of translation and contribute to their untranslatability. However, translatability and untranslatability are dialectical. Based on the purpose of pragmatic communication, this paper proposes the primary principle for the English-Chinese translation of Tom Swifties—the preservation of rhetorical effect. The foremost goal of rhetorical translation is to allow readers to appreciate the unique linguistic forms and rhetorical effects. Achieving such rhetorical effects, when necessary, may come at the cost of sacrificing meaning or fidelity to the original text. On this basis, three basic strategies are proposed: 1) literal translation; 2) adjustment of wording within the same semantic range; 3) rewriting or supplementation to achieve the desired rhetorical effect, such as special rhetorical structures, poetic forms, etc. As long as translators fully utilize their agency, adhere to certain translation principles, and employ appropriate strategies, they can creatively translate seemingly untranslatable rhetoric, thereby enhancing cultural exchange.