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术后恶心呕吐的影响因素及防治措施
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Abstract:
手术后常见的并发症之一——术后恶心呕吐(postoperative nausea and vomiting, PONV)，其机制复杂，对患者的身心和生活带来严重影响，从而影响患者术后康复，降低患者术后满意度。增加医疗费用和延长住院时间，影响患者就医体验，与ERAS和舒适化医疗相悖。PONV一直是手术和麻醉防治的重点和难点。目前，防治PONV的有药物、非药物和多模式联合防治措施，每种措施都有优缺点。本文就术后恶心呕吐的影响因素、机制及防治措施进行综述，以期为术后PONV防治提供参考。
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), one of the common complications after surgery, has a complex mechanism, which seriously affects the body, mind and life of patients, thus affecting the postoperative recovery and reducing the postoperative satisfaction of patients. Increasing medical costs and lengthening hospital stay affect patients’ medical experience, which is contrary to ERAS and comfort medicine. PONV has always been the focus and difficulty of operation and anesthesia. At present, there are drug, non-drug and multi-modal combined prevention and control measures for PONV, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. In this paper, the influencing factors, mechanisms and prevention measures of postoperative nausea and vomiting were reviewed in order to provide reference for prevention and treatment of postoperative PONV.
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