基于三阶段DEA模型的中国省际物流产业效率评价研究
Research on Efficiency Evaluation of China’s Inter-Provincial Logistics Industry Based on Three-Stage DEA Model

物流行业作为国家经济增长的核心驱动力，其高效性在推动区域经济的高品质进展和物流配置的优化等领域起到了至关重要的作用。因此，对物流产业效率进行精准评价显得尤为关键。本研究采用物流业固定资产投资总额、从业人数以及交通运输网络里程作为投入指标，同时以货运量、货物周转量和物流业生产总值为产出指标，并将电信业务总量、地区生产总值和R&D内部经费支出纳入环境因素的考量，借助三阶段DEA模型，对2022年中国31个省、自治区、直辖市的物流产业效率进行了深入分析和评价。实证结果表明：从总体上看，在剔除环境因素和随机误差影响因素后，中国各省际物流产业效率的差异比较明显，呈现大多数东部沿海地区物流产业效率达到DEA有效状态，而物流产业效率偏低的地区集中在西北地区和东北地区的特征；同时研究也得出提高中国物流产业综合效率的关键在于提高纯技术效率的结论。
The logistics industry, as a core driving force of national economic growth, plays a crucial role in promoting high-quality progress of regional economies and optimizing logistics allocation. Therefore, accurate evaluation of logistics industry efficiency is particularly critical. In this study, the total investment in fixed assets of logistics industry, the number of employees and the mileage of transportation network are taken as input indicators, while the freight volume, cargo turnover and gross product of logistics industry are taken as output indicators, and the total volume of telecommunications business, gross regional product and internal R&D expenditure are taken into consideration of environmental factors. With the help of a three-stage DEA model, the logistics industry efficiency of 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China in 2022 was analyzed and evaluated in depth. The empirical results show that: on the whole, after eliminating environmental factors and random error factors, the differences in the efficiency of logistics industry among provinces in China are obvious, showing that the efficiency of logistics industry in most eastern coastal areas reaches the DEA effective state, while the low efficiency of logistics industry is concentrated in northwest and northeast regions. At the same time, the research also draws the conclusion that the key to improve the comprehensive efficiency of China’s logistics industry is to improve the pure technical efficiency.