Information is given on thermal radiation from the Sun, considered in practical engineering calculations of heat exchange. It was found that although the surface temperature of the Sun is assumed to be about 5800 K, the solar spectrum data measured by Kondratyev lead to a value of at least 7134 K. Such a higher value can be obtained by interpreting the Planck formula for the black radiation spectrum for the Kondratyev data. In addition, using the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the energetic emissivity of the Sun’s surface was determined to be 0.431. Furthermore, based on Petela’s formulae for exergy of thermal radiation, the exergetic emissivity of the Sun’s surface was also calculated at the level of 0.426.
References
[1]
Chiuderi, C. and Velli, M. (2015). Basics of Plasma Astrophysics. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-5280-2
[2]
Zirin, H. (2024) photosphere. https://www.britannica.com/science/photosphere
[3]
Sharp, T. (2022) The Sun’s Atmosphere: Photosphere, Chromosphere and Corona. https://www.space.com/17160-sun-atmosphere.html
[4]
Aschwanden, M.J. (2004) Physics of the Solar Corona: An Introduction. Praxis Publishing.
[5]
Siegel, R. and Howell, J.R. (1992) Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer. 3rd Edition, Taylor & Francis.
[6]
Wikipedia (2024) Sunlight. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight
[7]
Duckett, S. and Gilbert, B. (2000) Foundations of Spectroscopy. Oxford Science Publications.
[8]
Phillips, K.J.H. (1995) Guide to the Sun. Cambridge University Press.
[9]
Kondratyev, K.Y. (1954) Radiation Energy of the Sun. Gidrometeoizdat.
[10]
Holman, J.P. (1981) Heat Transfer. McGraw-Hill.
[11]
Planck, M. (1914) The Theory of Heat Radiation. Dover.
[12]
Petela, R. (2023) A Commentary on the Subject of Temperature of the Sun’s Surface. Proceeding of the Euro-Mediterranean Conference for Environmental Integration (EMCEI-23), Rende, 2-5 October 2023, 3 p.
[13]
Petela, R. (2021) Exergy of Solar Radiation. Solar Co-Generation of Electricity and Water, Large Scale Photovoltaic Systems. In: UNESCO-EOLSS Joint Committee, Eds., Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), EOLSS Publishers, 28 p. https://www.eolss.net
[14]
Petela, R. (2023) Application of Exergy for Research on Increasing the Usefulness of Solar Radiation by Dispersing It into Monochromatic Beams. Energy and Power Engineering, 15, 73-103. https://doi.org/10.4236/epe.2023.151004
[15]
Boltzmann, L. (1884) Ableitung des Stefan’schen Gesetzes, betreffend die Abhängigkeit der Wärmestrahlung von der Temperatur aus der electromagnetischen Lichttheorie [Derivation of Stefan’s Law, Concerning the Dependency of Heat Radiation on Temperature, from the Electromagnetic Theory of Light]. AnnalenderPhysikundChemie, 258, 291-294. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.18842580616
[16]
Petela, R. (2010) Radiation Spectra of Surface. International Journal of Exergy, 7, 89-109. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEX.2010.029617
[17]
Petela, R. (1964) Exergy of Heat Radiation. Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 86, 187-192. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3687092
[18]
Petela, R. (2003) Exergy of Undiluted Thermal Radiation. Solar Energy, 74, 469-488. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00226-3
[19]
Petela, R. (2010) Engineering Thermodynamics of Thermal Radiation, for Solar Power Utilization. McGraw Hill.
[20]
Burghardt, M.D. (1982) Engineering Thermodynamics with Applications. 2nd Edition, Harper and Row Publishers.
[21]
Weinstein, L.A., et al. (2015) Concentrating Solar Power. Chemical Reviews, 115, 12797-12838. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00397