网络主播“跳槽”中惩罚性违约金酌减规则的法理分析
Jurisprudential Analysis of the Discretionary Rule of Punitive Liquidated Damages in the Case of Webcasters “Jumping Ship”

我国法律规定的合同违约金，兼具补偿性和惩罚性的功能，并赋予了当事人与法官对违约金的标准进行适当调整的权利与权力。但受限于平衡性司法理念的制约，我国司法实践中对于违约金的认识大多停留在补偿性的层面，对于惩罚性违约金的理解度和支持度都不高。但随着经济和社会的发展，对合同主体擅自违约的规制和惩罚越来越受到重视。如何发挥惩罚性违约金的履约担保功能与违约震慑效果，使其成为公平、诚信履约的稳定器，值得我们进一步总结和研究。本文的特别之处在于从网络主播“跳槽”的角度对惩罚性违约金的性质进行讨论以及适用违约金酌减规则之依据、惩罚性违约金于司法理论中的适用条件及逻辑。由此延伸惩罚性违约金酌减规则的一系列适用争议，林林总总，殊值讨论。
Our law provides for contractual liquidated damages, both compensatory and punitive function, and gives the parties and the judge to make appropriate adjustments to the liquidated damages standard of the right and power. However, limited by the constraints of balanced judicial concept, China’s judicial practice for the understanding of liquidated damages mostly stay in the compensatory level, for punitive liquidated damages are not high degree of understanding and support. However, with the economic and social development, the regulation and punishment of unauthorized breach of contract subject to more and more attention. It is worth further summarizing and researching how to bring into play the performance guarantee function and default deterrence of punitive liquidated damages, so as to make it a stabilizer of fair and honest performance. This article features a discussion of the nature of punitive liquidated damages from the perspective of network anchors “jumping ship”, as well as the basis for the application of the liquidated damages discretionary rule, and the conditions and logic of the application of punitive liquidated damages in judicial theory. This extends a series of controversies on the application of the discretionary rule of punitive liquidated damages, which are worth exploring.