以“公意”形式实现的自由形而上学
Free Metaphysics Realized in the Form of “General Will”

黑格尔将自由理解为意志自由，他认为“自由的概念不可再每个人偶然任性的意义上去理解，而必须在理性的意志、自在自为的意志这个意义下去理解。”与之不同，卢梭看到了由纯粹理性所搭建的封闭逻辑体系的短板，也就是现代性虚假自由口号的弊端，他将自由意志视作人之本然属性，而唯有从人之内在本性的基础上运用人的自由意志，才可能实现全体人类的自由。这种形而上学式的阐述和洞见揭示了人类不平等的起源和不自由的开端，并在这种对人的天性构想的前提条件下，开出了个人于社会全体实现自由之可能，这种可能正是来源于对于良心的反省，最终呈现为社会“公意”。
Hegel understands freedom as freedom of will. He believes that the concept of freedom can no longer be understood in the sense of accidental arbitrariness of everyone, but must be understood in the sense of rational will and free will. Different from it, Rousseau saw the shortcomings of the closed logic system built by pure reason, that is, the drawbacks of the false freedom slogan of modernity. He regarded free will as the natural attribute of human beings, and only by using human’s free will on the basis of human’s inner nature can the freedom of all human beings be realized. This metaphysical exposition and insight reveal the origin of human inequality and the beginning of non-freedom. Under the premise of this conception of human nature, it is possible for individuals to realize freedom in society as a whole. This possibility is derived from the reflection of conscience and finally presented as social “public will”.