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新冠疫情对肺炎支原体感染影响的研究进展
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Abstract:
肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma pneumoniae, MP)是儿童社区获得性肺炎的常见病原体，通过飞沫传播，周期性地引起地区性暴发流行。新冠疫情期间采取的非药物干预措施(non-pharmaceutical interventions, NPIs)在控制新型冠状病毒传播的同时，也显著影响了MP的流行病学特征、耐药性及临床表现。随着防控措施的放松，MP疫情出现了延迟但显著的反弹，这一现象可能与MP独特的生物学特征、免疫债务、病原体的交互影响以及抗生素经验性使用等多重因素有关。本文就新冠疫情期间及疫情后期MP流行病学、大环内酯类耐药性及临床表现进行了综述，了解新冠疫情对肺炎支原体感染的影响，并探讨了肺炎支原体肺炎的治疗进展。
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common pathogen in community-acquired pneumonia in children, spreading through droplet transmission and periodically causing regional outbreaks. The non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly impacted the epidemiological characteristics, drug resistance, and clinical manifestations of M. pneumoniae while controlling the spread of the novel coronavirus. With the relaxation of containment measures, there has been a delayed but significant rebound in M. pneumoniae outbreaks. This phenomenon may be related to the unique biological characteristics of M. pneumoniae, immune debt, interactions with other pathogens, and the empirical use of antibiotics among multiple factors. This article reviews the epidemiology of M. pneumoniae, macrolide resistance, and clinical manifestations during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, aiming to understand the impact of the pandemic on M. pneumoniae infections, and explores the therapeutic advancements for M. pneumoniae pneumonia.
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