论扎迪·史密斯小说《白牙》中的身份与空间
On the Space and Identity in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth

扎迪·史密斯(1975~)是牙买加裔英国当代女作家，其跨种族的背景使得史密斯关注伦敦的移民群体以及其所遭遇的困境。《白牙》(2000)以伦敦西北为背景，描绘了多元文化时代少数族裔的身份困境和挣扎。国内外相关研究多集中于多元文化、身份、英国性等，而对小说中移民的身份与空间关系的研究相对较少。因此，文章试从空间理论出发解读这部小说，并认为空间中蕴含的权力机制导致了主人公在物理空间的隔绝、社会空间的身份危机，并影响着他们的身份协商和建构。物理空间的隔绝封闭以及空间转换使主人公产生边缘感和身份焦虑，而社会空间中无处不在的权力机制更加剧了主人公的身份危机。而移民也不断做出他们的身份选择，试图打破种族主义的藩篱和空间秩序。文章将采取文本细读的方式，试图探索史密斯小说中身份与空间的关联。
Zadie Smith (1975~) is a contemporary British female immigrant writer with Jamaican pedigrees. Cross-cultural family background makes Smith pay attention to immigrant groups in London and issues related to race. Set in northwest London, White Teeth (2000) focuses on the life experience of immigrants and reveals the identity crisis faced by ethnic minorities in multicultural London. Studies at home and abroad focus on multiculturalism, identity, Britishness, feminism and so on, but there are not so many studies related to relationships between space and immigrants’ identity. Therefore, this paper will try to interpret the novel from the perspective of spatial theory and argue that in the novel, the power mechanism exerted in space results in immigrants’ segregation in physical space, and identity crisis in social space and prompts them to negotiate and construct their identities. The physical space’s design and its shift cause immigrants’ sense of marginalization and anxiety. Racial and gender discipline in the space of power leads to ethnic minorities’ identity crisis. Immigrants also make their identity choices, trying to break the barriers of racism and the spatial order. A close reading of White Teeth leads into an attempt to explore the cultural significance of the space written by Zadie Smith and its relations to identity.