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依恋、人口变量与老年智慧的关系
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Abstract:
智慧是个体在其人生经历中习得的一种德才兼备的综合心理素质，是成功老龄化的重要标志和毕生发展的理想终点。为了深入了解影响老年智慧的因素，研究使用亲密关系经历量表和三维智慧量表，对521名老年人的依恋和智慧水平进行了调查。结果表明，在研究样本中，安全型依恋的老年人占比39.2% (204人)，依恋恐惧型占比32.4% (169人)，依恋专注型占比12.9% (67人)，依恋冷漠型占比15.5% (81人)。研究发现，依恋焦虑和依恋回避均显著负向预测老年智慧。安全型依恋的老年人相较于不安全型依恋老年人表现出较高的智慧水平。老年智慧水平在年龄、养老方式等变量上存在显著差异。研究探讨了依恋和人口变量与老年智慧的关系，为促进老年人心理健康和社会适应提供了理论参考。
Wisdom is a comprehensive psychological quality that encompasses both moral and intellectual virtues, acquired through an individual’s life experiences. It is a significant indicator of successful aging and an ideal endpoint of lifelong development. To gain deeper insights into the factors influencing the wisdom in old age, this study utilized the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale and the Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale to survey the attachment styles and wisdom levels of 521 elderly individuals. The results indicated that among the study sample, 39.2% (204 individuals) exhibited secure attachment, 32.4% (169 individuals) exhibited fearful attachment, 12.9% (67 individuals) exhibited preoccupied attachment, and 15.5% (81 individuals) exhibited dismissive attachment. The study found that both attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance significantly negatively predicted the wisdom in old age. Elderly individuals with secure attachment demonstrated higher levels of wisdom compared to those with insecure attachment styles. Significant differences in wisdom levels were observed across variables such as age and modes of retirement. This study explored the relationship between attachment styles and demographic variables with the wisdom in old age, providing theoretical references for promoting psychological health and social adaptation among the elderly.
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