基于视听觉特性的适老化家用卫生间墙壁开关设计研究
Research on the Design of Aging-Adapted Household Bathroom Wall Switches Based on Audio-Visual Characteristics

目的：为了提升家用卫生间墙壁开关系统的老年用户满意度，本研究着重于获取老年用户对家用卫生间墙壁开关系统的需求及其相对权重，通过对老年人的视听觉感知特点进行深入分析，设计一款适老化家用卫生间墙壁开关系统，以提高老年人居住环境的舒适性和便利性。方法：首先通过访谈法与问卷调查法获取用户的原始需求，其次根据Kano模型对用户需求进行属性分类；通过Kano模型分析结果汇总计算出需求的权重，并根据赋值评分将需求进行重要性排序；根据重要性排序将设计需求细分为不同层级的设计要求。结果：通过分层强化设计要求对适老化家用卫生间墙壁开关系统进行设计输出，并根据李克特5点量表对设计模型进行用户满意度评估。结论：通过Kano模型以及李克特5点量表以适老化家用卫生间墙壁开关系统为具体案例进行设计研究，证实了上述方法的可行性。本研究基于老年人视听觉感知特点，从老年用户的需求出发，为适老化家用卫生间墙壁开关系统的设计优化以及未来适老化设计领域提供了有益的参考和启示。
Purpose: In order to improve the satisfaction of elderly users of home bathroom wall switch systems, this study focuses on obtaining the needs of elderly users for home bathroom wall switch systems and their relative weights, and through in-depth analysis of the visual and auditory perception characteristics of the elderly, designing an age-adapted home bathroom wall switch system in order to improve the comfort and convenience of the living environment of the elderly. Methods: Firstly, the original user requirements were obtained through the interview method and questionnaire survey method, and secondly, the user requirements were categorized by attributes according to the Kano model; the weights of the requirements were calculated by summarizing the results of the analysis of the Kano model, and the requirements were ranked in order of importance according to the assigned scores; the design requirements were subdivided into different tiers according to the order of importance. Results: The design output of the age-adapted home bathroom wall switch system was enhanced by layering the design requirements, and the design model was evaluated for user satisfaction based on a 5-point Likert scale. Conclusion: The feasibility of the above methodology is confirmed by the design study using the Kano model and the Likert 5-point scale with the ageing-friendly home bathroom wall switch system as a specific case. Based on the audio-visual perception characteristics of the elderly and the needs of the elderly users, this study provides useful references and insights for the design optimization of the ageing-friendly home bathroom wall switch system and the future design field of ageing-friendly design.