浅析余华《第七天》中的死亡叙事
A Brief Analysis of the Death Narrative in Yu Hua’s The Seventh Day

余华是一位深受广大读者和评论家喜爱的当代作家，他的小说创作横跨先锋小说、新写实小说两个时期。先锋小说时期作品以《现实一种》《死亡叙述》为代表，作品以直观的死亡、暴力和荒诞表现了人性的自私、欲望和罪恶。九十年代以后进入新写实主义小说时期，与之前作品专注于表现人性恶不同的是，这一时期余华的作品以《活着》《兄弟》《许三观卖血记》为代表，虽然仍以死亡、荒诞为主题，但更多的是表达了对底层人民的怜悯，展现人性美。余华近作《第七天》延续了新写实小说的特点，依旧以底层人民的苦难为主题，仍然涉及死亡、荒诞、底层苦难的写作内容，但作品采用设置死亡视角、温情描述死无葬身之地和堆叠新闻热点等写作方法，对死亡叙事进行创新和重新展演。《第七天》以死去的杨飞为主人公，采用亡灵视角打破时间空间限制，并保持对现实世界理性的认识，表现对现实社会的批判；圆形的叙事结构，使小说线索明确，环环相扣，编织成了一个巨大的社会关系网；采用荒诞的情节、诗意的语言塑造了一个乌托邦般的死无葬身之地。死无葬身之地的美好对比现实世界的荒诞，表现了对现实的批判以及对现实世界的建设性启示。
Yu Hua is a contemporary writer who is loved by readers and critics. His novels span the period of pioneer novels and the period of new realistic novels. The avantgarde novels are represented by A Kind of Reality and A Narrative of Death, which show the selfishness, desire and sin of human nature by means of intuitional death, violence and absurdity. Since the 1990s, the work has entered the Italian neorealism period. While his previous works are absorbed in the evils of human nature, the works of this period, represented by To Live, Brothers, and Chronicle of a Blood Merchant, still focus on the themes of death and absurdity, expressing much suffering and compassion for the lower classes, the beauty of humanity. The Seventh Day continues the characteristics of the new realistic novel, still takes the suffering of the bottom people as the theme, still involves the death, the absurd, and the bottom suffering writing content, but the novel innovates and re-performs the death narrative by setting up the death angle of view, warmly describing the place where there is no grave and stacking the news hot spots. Taking Yang Fei as the main character, The Seventh Day breaks the limitation of time and space, maintains a rational understanding of the real world, and expresses the criticism of the real society; the circular narrative structure makes the clues of the novel clear and interlocking, weaving into a huge network of social relations; woven into a vast network of social connections; the use of absurd and poetic language creates a Utopian ideal of death without a body. The contrast between the beauty of a place without a burial ground and the absurdity of the real world shows the criticism to the reality and the constructive enlightenment to the real world.