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Bioprocess 2024
耳毒性有机溶剂与噪声联合接触致听力损失的流行病学研究进展
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Abstract:
常见的耳毒性有机溶剂包括甲苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯、三氯乙烯和苯系物混合有机溶剂。有研究结果显示，甲苯、二甲苯、苯乙烯、三氯乙烯分别与噪声联合接触时对作业工人听力损失均具有协同作用，苯系物(苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、苯乙烯等)或混合有机溶剂与噪声联合接触亦可对工人听力损失产生协同效应；其中，苯乙烯或三氯乙烯与噪声联合接触时，工人的听力损失与苯乙烯或三氯乙烯的接触水平存在一定的剂量–效应关系。此外，即使是工作场所空气中苯乙烯或苯系物混合有机溶剂水平低于职业接触限值，其与噪声联合接触也可对工人听力损失产生协同效应。但耳毒性有机溶剂与噪声联合接触时的听力损失的预测模型、发病特征、测定方法以及职业接触限值等方面，仍有待进一步研究。
Common ototoxic organic solvents include toluene, xylene, styrene, carbon disulfide, trichloroethylene and mixed organic solvents. Some research results show that toluene, xylene, styrene, carbon disulfide, and trichloroethylene have synergistic effects on workers’ hearing loss when combined with noise, and benzene series (benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, etc.) or mixed organic solvents and noise combined exposure can also produce synergistic effects on workers’ hearing loss. When styrene or trichloroethylene is exposed to noise, there is a dose-effect relationship between the hearing loss of workers and the exposure level of styrene or trichloroethylene. In addition, even if the level of styrene or benzene series or mixed organic solvents in the air in the workplace is below the occupational exposure limit, the combined exposure with noise can have a synergistic effect on workers’ hearing loss. However, the prediction model, pathogenesis characteristics, determination methods and occupational exposure limits of hearing loss in ototoxic organic solvents combined with noise are still to be further studied.
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