小麦新品种扶麦368的选育及适宜播期研究
Study on Breeding and Suitable Sowing Date of New Wheat Variety Fumai 368

针对湖北省小麦单产水平低的问题，本研究通过制定高产育种目标、优化杂交组合配置、穿梭育种、新品种最佳播期研究等手段，以期培育出了高产稳产小麦新品种，并明确其最佳播种期。研究结果表明，培育出的小麦新品种扶麦368符合最初的育种目标，达到了高产广适的生产要求，两年湖北省小麦品种区域试验平均比对照郑麦9023增产7.01%，先后通过湖北省和河南省审定；扶麦368播期试验表明，11月4日播种产量最高，但与10月28日播种产量差异不显著，表明扶麦368在10月28日~11月4日间播种可获得较高的产量。本研究为湖北省小麦生产提供了高产广适小麦新品种，并提供了配套栽培技术，带动了省内麦区农民增产增收，促进了湖北省小麦产业发展，为国家粮食安全作出了一定的贡献。
Aiming at the low yield level of wheat per unit area in Hubei Province, this study aims to cultivate new wheat varieties with high yield and stable yield by setting high yield breeding objectives, optimizing cross combination configuration, shuttle breeding, and studying the best sowing date of new varieties. The results showed that the new wheat variety Fumai 368 was in line with the original breeding target, and reached the production requirements of high yield and wide adaptability. The average ratio of wheat varieties in Hubei Province in two years was 7.01% higher than that of Zhengmai 9023. The sowing time experiment of Fumai 368 showed that the yield of sowing on November 4 was the highest, but there was no significant difference between the yield of sowing on October 28 and that of sowing on October 28 to November 4, indicating that the yield of Fumai 368 could be higher. This study provided a new variety of wheat with high yield and wide suitability for wheat production in Hubei Province, and provided a supporting cultivation technology, which promoted the production increase and income of farmers in wheat areas in Hubei Province, promoted the development of wheat industry in Hubei Province, and made a certain contribution to national food security.