《活着》中的生命哲学：悲剧性存在及其超越
Philosophy of Life in “To Live”: Tragic Existence and Its Transcendence

本研究旨在深入探讨余华的小说《活着》中所蕴含的悲剧元素与生命哲学。通过分析小说中描绘的家庭、社会及个人悲剧，试图揭示作品中所蕴含的生命观与深层哲学思考。研究采用文本细读法，结合历史与社会背景，对《活着》进行全面解读。概而言之，该小说不仅展现了生命的沉重与命运的变幻莫测，更凸显了生命的珍贵与脆弱。悲剧不仅局限于个体层面，更映射出一个时代与社会的痛苦记忆。主人公福贵的人生轨迹彰显了人类面对逆境时的抗争与坚韧，反映了人类精神的顽强。本研究认为，《活着》深刻探讨了悲剧性存在及其超越，揭示了生命的本质与意义，强调了理解与尊重生命的重要性，同时也展现了人类境遇的悲剧性与启发性。
This study aims to delve deeply into the tragic elements and philosophy of life embedded in Yu Hua’s novel “To Live”. By analyzing the family, social, and personal tragedies depicted in the novel, it seeks to unveil the view of life and profound philosophical reflections contained within the work. The research employs a close textual reading method, incorporating historical and social backgrounds for a comprehensive interpretation of “To Live”. In summary, the novel not only showcases the heaviness of life and the vagaries of fate but also highlights the preciousness and fragility of life. The tragedy extends beyond the individual level, reflecting the painful memories of an era and society. The life trajectory of the protagonist Fugui exemplifies human resilience and perseverance in the face of adversity, demonstrating the indomitable human spirit. This study posits that “To Live” profoundly explores tragic existence and its transcendence, revealing the essence and significance of life. It emphasizes the importance of understanding and respecting life while showcasing the tragic yet enlightening nature of the human condition.