朱熹人心道心思想初探
Zhu Xi’s Thoughts on the Human Heart and the Taoist Mind

人心道心思想是朱熹心性论的重要组成部分，对全面理解朱子哲学具有重要作用。本文梳理了朱熹人心道心思想的形成过程，探索了朱熹人心道心思想之来源，分析了人心道心的具体内涵及其相互关系。朱熹认为只有一个心，判定人心道心的标准在于知觉之方向，知觉得人欲者为人心，知觉得天理者为道心。人心道心并非已发之心与未发之心的体用关系，人心道心均为已发之心，且人心危而不安，道心微而难显，所以需精一而不杂、持中而不偏之功夫，以到达道心为主、人心听命的义理模式。朱子的人心道心思想是对二程人心道心思想的继承与超越，开创了自己独特的解释路径。
The thought of the human heart and the Taoist mind is an important part of Zhu Xi’s theory of mindfulness, and plays an important role in the overall understanding of Zhu Zi’s philosophy. This paper compares the process of the formation of Zhu Xi’s thought on the mind, explores the sources of Zhu Xi’s thought on the mind, and analyses the specific connotations of the mind and its interrelationships. Zhu Xi believes that there is only one heart, and that the criterion for determining the moral heart of the human mind lies in the direction of perception, with those who know and feel human desires being the human heart and those who know and feel heavenly principles being the moral heart. It is not the relationship between the developed mind and the undeveloped mind, but the mind of the heart and the mind of the Tao are both developed, and the mind of the heart is dangerous and unsettling, while the mind of the Tao is subtle and difficult to reveal. Zhu Zi’s thinking on the human heart and the Taoist mind is an inheritance and transcendence of Er Cheng’s thinking on the human heart and the Taoist mind, creating his own unique path of interpretation.