基于数据挖掘探讨中药复方治疗糖尿病肾脏病气阴两虚兼血瘀证用药规律
Exploration of the Medication Rule of Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound in the Treatment of Diabetes Kidney Disease with Qi-Yin Deficiency and Blood Stasis Syndrome Based on Data Mining

目的：运用数据挖掘方法，研究中药复方治疗糖尿病肾脏病(DKD)气阴两虚兼血瘀证的用药规律，为临床遣方用药提供依据。方法：检索中国知网、维普、万方、中国生物医学文献数据库近10年收录的中药复方治疗DKD气阴两虚兼血瘀证的临床研究文献，对检索文献进行筛选，提取合格文献中方药信息构建数据库，进行频次分析、关联规则分析和系统聚类分析。结果：共纳入163篇合格文献，包含163首有效处方，涉及170味中药，中药总频次为1874次。其中，使用频次 > 20次的高频中药有26味，排名前5位的中药分别是黄芪、丹参、山茱萸、山药和生地黄。高频中药共涉及8种功效类别，使用频率靠前的为补虚药、活血化瘀药、收涩药、清热药、利水渗湿药。高频中药性味归经分析表明，药性以平、温、寒为主；药味以甘、苦、辛为主；归经以肝、脾、肾、肺为主。关联规则分析表明，“山茱萸→黄芪”、“黄芪、山药→山茱萸”和“茯苓、山药、山茱萸→黄芪”分别为2种、3种和4种药物关联规则中支持度最高的组合。系统聚类分析显示，聚为4类时最佳。结论：中药复方治疗DKD气阴两虚兼血瘀证以益气养阴、活血通络为基本大法，重在健脾益肺、补益肝肾；用药以甘补、苦坚、辛行，寒温平调；提炼出“黄芪、山茱萸、山药”为核心药物组合，黄芪葛根汤、补阳还五汤、参芪地黄汤、水陆二仙丹为常用处方。
Objective: Using the method of data mining, this paper studies the medication rule of traditional Chinese medicine compound in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) with Qi-Yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, and provides the basis for clinical prescription. Methods: The clinical research literatures of traditional Chinese medicine compound for the treatment of DKD with qi-yin deficiency and blood stasis syndrome collected by CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Data and CBM database in recent 10 years were retrieved. The retrieved literatures were screened, and the prescription information in the qualified literature was extracted to construct the database for frequency analysis, association rule analysis and systematic clustering analysis. Results: A total of 163 eligible literatures were included, including 163 effective prescriptions, involving 170 traditional Chinese medicines. The total frequency of traditional Chinese medicines was 1874 times, and 26 high-frequency traditional Chinese medicines with a frequency > 20 times were obtained. Among them, the top 5 traditional Chinese medicines with the highest frequency were Astragalus membranaceus, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Cornus officinalis, Chinese yam and Rehmannia glutinosa. The high-frequency traditional Chinese medicine involves a total of 8 efficacy categories, and the most frequently used are tonic drugs, blood-activating and stasis-resolving drugs, astringent drugs, heat-clearing drugs, and damp-draining diuretics. According to the analysis of the property, taste and meridian tropism of high-frequency traditional Chinese medicine, the medicinal properties are mainly flat, warm and cold; the medicinal tastes are mainly sweet, bitter and spicy; the