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蛋白冠对纳米颗粒与单核巨噬细胞相互作用的影响
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Abstract:
纳米颗粒凭借其独特的物理和化学性质，在药物递送和疾病诊断领域展现出巨大潜力。然而，尽管纳米颗粒研究广泛，但目前仅有部分纳米疗法成功应用于临床，这主要归因于当前研究对纳米颗粒与生物流体环境复杂交互作用的忽视。在纳米颗粒进入生物体后，其与免疫系统的相互作用成为决定治疗效果的关键因素。单核巨噬细胞，作为免疫系统的先锋，对纳米颗粒的识别和响应直接影响治疗的效果和安全性。此外，纳米颗粒进入生物环境后其表面会形成由多种蛋白质构成的复杂蛋白冠，这不仅为纳米颗粒带来了独特的物理化学特性，还为其与生物体互作提供了全新界面。蛋白冠的形成对纳米颗粒在生物体内的行为产生深远影响，进而决定了纳米医学治疗的最终效果。因此，本文聚焦于纳米颗粒–蛋白冠复合体与单核巨噬细胞间的相互作用，深入探讨了蛋白冠的形成对纳米颗粒治疗效果的具体影响。这一研究不仅有助于优化纳米药物的设计，更对提高纳米医学的临床应用水平具有重要的理论和实践意义。
Nanoparticles exhibit tremendous potential in the fields of drug delivery and disease diagnosis due to their unique physical and chemical properties. However, despite extensive research on nanoparticles, only a few nanotherapies have been successfully applied in clinical practice, mainly due to the current lack of attention to the complex interactions between nanoparticles and biological fluid environments. After nanoparticles enter the organism, their interaction with the immune system becomes a crucial factor determining therapeutic efficacy. Mononuclear macrophages, as the frontline of the immune system, directly influence the therapeutic effect and safety through their recognition and response to nanoparticles. Additionally, a complex protein corona composed of various proteins forms on the surface of nanoparticles upon entering the biological environment. This not only brings unique physicochemical properties to nanoparticles but also provides a new interface for their interaction with the organism. The formation of the protein corona has a profound impact on the behavior of nanoparticles in the body, ultimately determining the final effect of nanomedicine treatment. Therefore, this review focuses on the interaction between nanoparticle-protein corona complexes and mononuclear macrophages, delving into the specific impact of protein corona formation on the therapeutic effect of nanoparticles. This research not only contributes to optimizing the design of nanomedicines, but also has significant theoretical and practical implications for improving the clinical application level of nanomedicine.
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