基于AHP与CRITIC权重法的综合生态环境质量评估——以吐鲁番市与哈密市为例
Comprehensive Ecological Environment Quality Assessment Based on AHP and CRITIC Weight Method—Taking Turpan and Hami Cities as Examples

环境质量评价是强化环境管理的有效手段。对确定经济发展方向和保护环境等一系列重大决策都有十分重要的作用。本文主要依据中经数据网的相关数据，对2001~2022年吐鲁番市与哈密市综合生态环境质量进行评价研究，构建综合生态环境质量评价体系。首先，选取涵盖自然、经济和社会等多方面的指标数据，并进行特征提取与降维处理，简化计算模型。其次，使用主客观相结合的赋权法计算指标权重，具体为AHP (层次分析法)与CRITIC权重法。并将其与无量纲化数据进行合成计算，得到2001~2022年研究地区综合生态环境质量评价值，通过绘制相关折线图将综合生态环境质量可视化。最后对变化情况进行剖析，了解综合生态演变情况。结果表明两市的综合生态环境质量整体均呈现良好发展，且哈密市发展速度比吐鲁番较快，2001~2006年间，吐鲁番市综合生态环境质量高于哈密市，2007年至今，则相反。据此，本研究深入分析变化原因，并通过组合权重分析各指标对该地区生态环境可持续发展影响程度，结果表明棉花类与粮食类指标影响程度较大，人口类、GDP类(地区生产总值)与教育类指标影响程度较小，以此为基础为相关政策提供参考建议，促进绿色可持续发展，促进社会与经济发展。
Environmental impact assessment is an effective means of strengthening environmental management. It plays a very important role in determining the direction of economic development and protecting the environment in a series of major decisions. This article mainly evaluates the comprehensive ecological environment quality of Turpan City and Hami City from 2001 to 2022 based on relevant data from the China Economic Data Network, and constructs a comprehensive ecological environment quality evaluation system. Firstly, select indicator data covering multiple aspects such as nature, economy, and society, and perform feature extraction and dimensionality reduction to simplify the calculation model. Secondly, a combination of subjective and objective weighting methods is used to calculate indicator weights, specifically the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and CRITIC weighting methods. And combine it with dimensionless data for the composite calculation to obtain the comprehensive ecological environment quality evaluation values of the study area from 2001 to 2022. Visualize the comprehensive ecological environment quality by drawing relevant line charts. Finally, analyze the changes and understand the comprehensive ecological evolution situation. The results show that the overall comprehensive ecological environment quality of both cities has shown good development, and the development speed of Hami City is faster than that of Turpan. From 2001 to 2006, Turpan City had a higher comprehensive ecological environment quality than Hami City, while from 2007 to present, the opposite has been true. Based on this, this study conducted an in-depth analysis of the reasons for the changes and analyzed the degree of impact of each indicator on the sustainable development of the ecological environment in the region through a combination of weights. The results showed that cotton and grain indicators had a greater impact, while population, GDP (regional gross domestic product), and education indicators had a smaller impact. Based on this, relevant policies were