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Material Sciences 2024
热电材料的分类及热电性能
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Abstract:
热电材料作为一种可以将电能和热能相互转化的材料，怎样提高其热电转换效率是当下研究的热点。目前Bi2Te3基热电材料的ZT值在室温附近能达到1.3~1.4，还有一些热电材料的ZT值在高温下能达到2.0以上。但是要想实现热电材料更广泛的应用，必须要寻找在室温条件下热电性能更高的材料。目前常用的提高材料热电性能的方法主要有是通过掺杂和能带工程调控载流子浓度、通过纳米化技术降低材料维度和寻找高性能热电材料。本文主要介绍了提高合金型热电材料Bi2Te3、新型热电材料方钴矿和氧化物热电材料热电性能的方法，这些材料的热电性能以及热电材料的应用。
Thermoelectric materials, as a kind of materials that can convert electrical energy and thermal energy into each other, how to improve the thermoelectric conversion efficiency of thermoelectric materials is a hot topic in current research. At present, the ZT value of Bi2Te3-based thermoelectric materials can reach 1.3~1.4 near room temperature, and the ZT value of some thermoelectric materials can reach more than 2.0 at high temperature. However, in order to achieve a wider range of applications for thermoelectric materials, it is necessary to find materials with higher thermoelectric properties at room temperature. At present, the commonly used methods to improve the thermoelectric properties of materials mainly include regulating the carrier concentration through doping and band engineering, reducing the dimension of materials through nanotechnology, and finding high-performance thermoelectric materials. In this paper, we mainly introduce the methods to improve the thermoelectric properties of alloy-type thermoelectric materials Bi2Te3, new thermoelectric materials galena and oxide thermoelectric materials, the thermoelectric properties of these materials, and the application of thermoelectric materials.
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