论我国个人破产法治路径的体系构建——以四层次分析方法为视角
On the System Construction of the Legal Path of Personal Bankruptcy in China—From the Perspective of a Four-Level Analytic Approach

伴随我国经济增长与提升营商环境的需求，有中国特色的个人破产制度的构建成为党与政府文件重点关注之命题。2021年3月1日，《深圳经济特区个人破产条例》成为构建这一制度的破冰之举。然当前我国个人破产制度构建虽逢良机，但亦存在社会认知负面、法律规定缺乏、执行程序困难等问题。本文提出以新制度经济学代表人物奥利弗·威廉姆森的“四层次”社会科学分析框架为视角，个人破产制度构建应加强债信文化建设、起草《个人破产法》并兼顾各地实际、重点关注负债者的免责复权与恶意者的惩罚、以及在立法与司法中贯彻利益平衡方法的方式，为构建中国特色的个人破产法治路径提供助益。
With the needs of China’s economic growth and improving the business environment, the construction of a personal bankruptcy system with Chinese characteristics has become a key proposition in the documents of the Party and the government. On March 1, 2021, the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Personal Bankruptcy Regulations became an icebreaker in the construction of this system. However, although the current construction of China’s personal bankruptcy system is a good opportunity, there are also problems such as negative social cognition, lack of legal provisions, and difficulties in enforcement procedures. Based on the “four-level” social science analysis framework of Oliver Williamson, a representative of new institutional economics, this paper proposes that the construction of personal bankruptcy system should strengthen the construction of debt and credit culture, draft the Personal Bankruptcy Law and take into account the actual situation of various places, focus on the exemption and restoration of debtors and the punishment of malicious actors, and implement the method of balancing interests in legislation and justice, so as to provide help for the construction of personal bankruptcy rule of law with Chinese characteristics.