以遗嘱方式设立居住权的法律问题研究
Research on the Legal Issues of Establishing the Right of Residence in the Form of a Will

《民法典》规定可以遗嘱方式设立居住权，这对于遗嘱人独立处分遗产和保护居住权人合法权益有着重大影响。然而，以遗嘱方式设立居住权在实际的法律适用中仍面临着显著挑战。本论文从遗嘱方式设立居住权的内涵与分类切入，深入剖析我国当前的立法现状和司法现状，得出我国立法设计较为抽象，司法适用不一致的现状结论。本论文以《民法典》中的法条规定为主要指导，提出统一遗嘱方式设立居住权的确权规则、合理确定受益主体范围及权利客体、保障遗嘱居住权的顺畅行权的对策，以期助力于破解现有遗嘱设立居住权在法律适用中存在的问题。
The Civil Code stipulates that the right of residence can be established by will, which has a significant impact on the testator’s independent disposition of the estate and the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the right holder. However, the establishment of the right of residence in the form of a will still faces significant challenges in the actual application of the law. This paper starts from the connotation and classification of the establishment of the right of residence by will, deeply analyzes the current legislative and judicial status quo in China, and draws the conclusion that the legislative design of our country is more abstract and the judicial application is inconsistent. This paper takes the provisions of the Civil Code as the main guidance, and puts forward the rules of establishing the right of residence in a unified will, reasonably determines the scope of beneficiaries and the object of rights, guarantees the smooth exercise of the right of residence in a will, in order to help solve the problems existing in the application of law in the establishment of the right of residence in a will.