危害珍贵、濒危野生动物罪实证研究——以广州市为对象的研究分析
An Empirical Study on the Crime of Precious and Endangered Wild Animals—A Research and Study Based on Cases from Guangzhou

多年以来，我国市场上持续存在着交易各种珍贵、濒危野生动物的乱象。过去数年间，危害珍贵、濒危野生动物的案件总量在上升，此类案件也朝着多样化、隐蔽化、便利化的趋势发展，为打击相关违法犯罪行为增加了难度。同时，由于在办理破坏珍贵、濒危野生动物资源案件的司法实践中存在主观“明知”认定难、罪名竞合有争议等疑难问题。本文试着从犯罪学角度对该问题进行分析，通过对2019年至2022年中的4547份刑事判决书进行数据分析以及个案研究，以研读判决书的方式总结出犯罪现状及犯罪主体、犯罪空间、犯罪对象方面的特点，提取出相关的犯罪行为特征和规律。本文还从社会和个体两个层面分析，总结出相关的处罚方式与不同市场的供需关系的相关联情况。同时，本文认为市场上存在产业监管漏洞问题，导致了破坏珍贵、濒危野生动物资源案件大量发生。在此基础上，本文进行防控对策研究，提出以增强保护意识、规范产业发展、实现社会共治为主的罪前预防对策，以完善犯罪打击与监管体制为主的罪中预防对策和以严密刑事法网、提升刑罚惩治与预防效果的罪后预防对策。
Over the years, various illicit activities involving the trading of precious and endangered wildlife have persistently plagued the market in China. In recent years, the overall number of cases harming precious and endangered wildlife has been on the rise. These cases are increasingly diversified, covert, and facilitated, posing greater challenges to enforcement efforts. Moreover, difficulties persist in judicial practices, such as subjective challenges in establishing “knowing” intent and contentious issues regarding overlapping charges in cases involving the destruction of precious and endangered wildlife resources. This article attempts to analyze these issues from a criminological perspective. By conducting data analysis on 4547 criminal judgments from 2019 to 2022 and examining individual cases, it aims to summarize the current criminal landscape and highlight characteristics related to offenders, locations of crimes, and targets of these offenses. The study identifies patterns and characteristics of criminal behavior, while also analyzing the societal and individual factors influencing punishment methods and the interconnectedness with supply and demand dynamics in different markets. Furthermore, the paper identifies regulatory loopholes in industry oversight as contributing significantly to the prevalence of crimes against precious and endangered wildlife resources. Building on these findings, the study proposes preventive strategies focused on enhancing awareness, regulating industry practices, and promoting social governance to prevent crimes. It advocates for improvements in crime prevention through enhanced enforcement and regulatory frameworks, alongside stringent criminal justice measures aimed at both deterrence and prevention of future offenses.