女性主义文体学视角下的《英国病人》研究
A Feminist Stylistics Study of Michael Ondaatje’s The English Patient

《英国病人》是迈克尔·翁达杰的最著名的小说，作者通过复杂的叙事手法，讲述了二战末期在意大利一个别墅中四个人物经历的爱情、背叛和和解。小说中，凯瑟琳和汉娜这两位女性角色推动了关键情节的发展，但在小说及批评家中的分析中，她们却总被置于次要地位。Lorraine York和Robert Lecker等批评家指出，翁达杰的作品中女性形象缺乏女性主义角度，且存在对女性的保守刻画和性别歧视。女性主义文体学提供了在文学文本中分析性别的方法论。通过女性主义文体学的分析，可以更深入地理解文本中性别问题的复杂性和文学作品如何反映和塑造性别观念。本文从词汇层面中的爱称、句子层面中的隐喻和语篇层面中的叙述者角度，分析了女性形象是如何在《英国病人》中被父权制的偏见所塑造的。爱称、隐喻的使用强化了父权对女性行为和话语的操控；叙述者的角度也揭示了男性如何通过叙事来塑造和控制女性形象。总体而言，小说中的女性形象和她们的故事被男性角色和父权制的社会结构所左右。
The English Patient is Michael Ondaatje’s best-known novel, in which the author follows, through complex narrative devices, the love, betrayal, and reconciliation experienced by four characters in an Italian villa at the end of World War II. The two female characters, Katherine and Hana, drive the key plot points in the novel, but they have always been relegated to a secondary role in the novel and in analyses among critics. Critics such as Lorraine York and Robert Lecker have pointed out the lack of a feminist perspective on the portrayal of women in Ondaatje’s work, as well as the conservative portrayal of women and the presence of sexism. The author’s work has also been criticized for the lack of a feminist perspective on women’s roles in the novel, and for the conservative portrayal of women. Feminist stylistics provides a methodology for analyzing gender issues in literary texts. Feminist stylistics provides a deeper understanding of the complexity of gender issues in texts and how literary works reflect and shape gender concepts. This paper analyzes how the female figures are shaped by patriarchal prejudices in The English Patient from the perspectives of endearments at the lexical level, metaphors at the sentence level, and narrator at the discourse level. The uses of endearments and metaphors reinforce the patriarchal manipulation of women’s behavior and discourse; the narrator’s point of view also reveals how men shape and control the image of women through the narrative. Overall, the female figures and their stories in the novel are shaped by male characters and patriarchal social structures.