刑事案件律师辩护全覆盖政策解读——由形式覆盖到实质覆盖路径探析
Interpretation of the Policy of Lawyers for the Defense in All Criminal Cases—An Analysis of the Path from Formal Coverage to Substantive Coverage

《关于进一步深化刑事案件律师辩护全覆盖试点工作的意见》，将刑事案件法律援助范围和阶段进一步扩大提前。该政策与“以审判中心的诉讼制度”改革以及“认罪认罚从宽制度”相联系，对我国法律援助工作体系产生系统性影响，向司法部门、行政机关、法律援助机构提出新的要求。通过梳理刑事案件律师辩护全覆盖政策产生来源、历史沿革，解析《意见》内涵，可加深对刑事案件律师辩护全覆盖尤其是“关注刑事审判阶段向审前起诉阶段转换”这一要点的理解。针对目前影响刑事案件律师辩护全覆盖实施阶段出现的各项问题，可从适度引入有效辩护理念、解决值班律师定位矛盾两个角度进一步实现实质覆盖。
“Opinions on Further Deepening the pilot work of full coverage of lawyer defense in Criminal cases” further expands the scope and stage of legal aid in criminal cases ahead of schedule. This policy is linked with the reform of the “trial-centered litigation system” and the “plea leniency system”, which has a systematic impact on our legal aid work system and puts forward new requirements to judicial departments, administrative organs and legal aid organizations. By sorting out the origin and historical evolution of the policy of full coverage of lawyers’ defense in criminal cases, and analyzing the connotation of the Opinions, we can deepen our understanding of the point of full coverage of lawyers’ defense in criminal cases, especially the point of “paying attention to the transition from the criminal trial stage to the pre-trial prosecution stage”. In view of the current problems affecting the implementation of full coverage of lawyers’ defense in criminal cases, we can further achieve substantive coverage from two perspectives: appropriately introducing the concept of effective defense and solving the contradiction of duty lawyers’ positioning.