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干细胞外泌体在帕金森综合症中的研究进展
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Abstract:
帕金森综合症(Parkinson’s disease, PD)是一种常见的神经退行性疾病，发病机制复杂，至今尚未治愈方法。间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs)通过表达外泌体(Exosomes, Exos)发挥免疫调节清除炎症、诱导神经元分化、促血管生成和抑制肿瘤且具有驱动生物过程潜力；间充质干细胞来源的外泌体(mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, MSC-Exos)加载特异RNA、蛋白质和小分子药物通过细胞通讯作用靶向受体细胞介导病理改变；经过修饰的Exos穿过血脑屏障(BBB)靶向神经元改善PD成为治疗候选者受到广泛关注。本文主要介绍PD病理特症、MSC-Exos的生物学特性及细胞通讯作用治疗PD，为攻克PD带来新曙光。目前，MSC-Exos对小胶质细胞表型转换促中枢神经系统起调节和保护作用机制仍缺乏深入而全面的总结，此外，我们结合研究阐述MSC-Exos增强PD功能策略。
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with complex pathogenesis, and there is no cure so far. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an immunomodulatory role in clearing inflammation, inducing neuronal differentiation, promoting angiogenesis and inhibiting tumors by expressing exosomes (Exos), and have the potential to drive biological processes. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) loaded with specific RNA, protein and small molecule drugs target receptor cells to mediate pathological changes through cell communication. The modification of Exos across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) targeting neurons to improve PD has become a therapeutic candidate and has received widespread attention. This article mainly introduces the pathological characteristics of PD, the biological characteristics of MSC-Exos and the role of cell communication in the treatment of PD, which brings new dawn to overcome PD. At present, there is still a lack of in-depth and comprehensive summary of the mechanism of MSC-Exos in regulating and protecting the central nervous system by microglial phenotype transformation. In addition, we combined the research to explain the strategy of MSC-Exos to enhance PD function.
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