Examining Some Challenges and Policy Recommendations Related to Human Resource Management within the Public Sector in Vietnam

This study examines critical challenges and areas for improvement in human resource management within the Vietnamese public sector, focusing on the perceptions of undergraduates from Vietnam National University, Hanoi. The research explores how income, benefits, working environment, organizational culture, and career opportunities shape the perceived attractiveness of public sector employment compared to the private sector. A qualitative approach was employed, utilizing surveys and interviews with undergraduates to gather data on their perceptions and preferences regarding employment in the public and private sectors. The study also reviewed existing literature and government policies related to public sector human resource management. Findings indicate that the five elements are perceived as more attractive in the private sector. Among these, the working environment was particularly influential. The study also highlighted the crucial role of fairness in performance appraisals, revealing that formal and unfair performance appraisals, along with insufficient integration into civil servants’ income, contribute to the public sector’s reduced attractiveness. Despite numerous policies aimed at recruiting skilled individuals, the public sector struggles to attract and retain talent effectively. The study underscores the need for more effective implementation and reevaluation of recruitment policies. It recommends enhancing fairness in performance appraisals, improving the working environment, offering competitive compensation and benefits, and providing clear career development opportunities. Continued support and promotion of public sector administrative reforms are essential to enhance efficiency and responsiveness to changing societal and economic needs, thereby making the public sector more attractive to top talent.