乡村振兴背景下民族语言的使用样态、传承困境及发展路向——以湖北恩施小茅坡营村苗语使用为个案
The Use of Ethnic Languages, the Inherited Dilemma and the Development Direction of Ethnic Languages under the Background of Rural Revitalization—A Case Study of the Language Use of Miao Villages in Xiaomaopoying Village, Enshi, Hubei Province

在中国乡村振兴战略的大背景下，民族语言也能成为推动地方经济社会发展的重要资源。本研究以湖北恩施小茅坡营村的苗语使用为例，通过田野调查和深度访谈等方法，揭示了小茅坡营村苗语在家庭、教育、社会活动等领域的使用现状，指出苗语作为一种重要的文化标识，对于增强民族自豪感、促进文化多样性有着不可替代的作用。结合语言经济学的理论，分析了苗语面临的传承困境，提出了民族地区乡村振兴的关键之一在于挖掘和利用好民族语言的价值，在节约交易成本与保护和传承民族语言文化之间寻求平衡。希望通过有效策略的实施，可以促进小茅坡营村乃至更广泛地区的经济社会发展，为实现乡村全面振兴提供坚实的文化支撑。
Under the background of China’s rural revitalization strategy, ethnic languages can also become an important resource to promote local economic and social development. Taking the use of Miao language in Xiaomaopoying Village as an example, this study revealed the current status of Miao language in the fields of family, education, and social activities through fieldwork and in-depth interviews, and pointed out that Miao language, as an important cultural symbol, plays an irreplaceable role in enhancing national pride and promoting cultural diversity. Combined with the theory of linguistic economics, this paper analyzes the inherited dilemma of Miao language, and proposes that one of the keys to realize rural revitalization in ethnic areas is to excavate and make good use of ethnic languages, and seek a balance between saving transaction costs and protecting and inheriting ethnic language and ethnic culture. It is hoped that through the implementation of effective strategies, the economic and social development of Xiaomaopoying Village and even the wider region can be promoted, and a solid cultural support can be provided for the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside.