浅谈罗伯特·达恩顿“自下而上”的史学思想
A Brief Discussion on Robert Darnton’s “Bottom-Up” Historical Thought

罗伯特·达恩顿美国史学界研究法国史的名家，他研究的重点是18世纪的法国文化和启蒙运动，研究方法是利用从没有被人使用过的档案宝库或者被其他人所忽视的零散的材料和奇异的文本自下而上来钻入法国文化世界。本文主要以其著作《法国文化史钩沉》《启蒙运动的生意》为例，分别从达恩顿对微观史学和观念中的社会史的研究两个方面入手，分析其“自下而上”的史学研究理念。
Robert Darnton, a famous researcher of French history in American historiography, focuses on French culture and the Enlightenment in the 18th century, and his research methodology is to utilize the treasure trove of archives that have never been used or the scattered materials and strange texts that have been ignored by others to delve into the world of French culture from the bottom to the top. In this paper, we analyze Darnton’s concept of “bottom-up” historical research by taking his books The Great Cat Massacre and Other Episodes in French Culture History and The Business of Enlightenment: A Publishing History of Encyclopedic as examples, starting from Darnton’s research on micro-history and social history of concepts, respectively.