中国传统村落与住宅的空间构成研究——以河南省郏县李渡口村为例
Research on the Spatial Composition of Traditional Chinese Villages and Residences—Taking Lidukou Village, Jiaxian County, Henan Province as an Example

本研究通过位于中国河南省郏县的李渡口村，对中国传统村落的特点进行了考察。研究内容包括李渡口村的重要空间、道路与地块规划和住宅空间构成这三方面。通过文献调查和实地调查的研究方法，分别分析了李渡口村的选址具有“背山面水”的中国传统风水布局特点。强调了公共空间和历史文化要素的重要性。被寨墙包围的村庄，具有典型的防御性特征。地块规划是以地势高地和街道为参考，也受商业因素的影响，体现了地域的独特性。探讨了明、清和1912~1949年住宅院落的空间差异，并与北京四合院的构成进行了比较。该研究不仅可以为中国传统村落空间的文化传承提供参考，还可以为后期人居环境满意度的调查提供基础资料。
This study examines the characteristics of traditional Chinese villages through Lidukou Village, located in Jiaxian County, Henan Province, China. The research content includes three aspects: the important space of Lidukou Village, road and land planning, and the composition of residential space. Through the research methods of literature survey and field investigation, it analyzes that the location of Lidukou Village has the traditional Chinese Feng Shui layout characteristics of “backing mountains and facing water”. The importance of public space and historical and cultural elements is emphasized. A village surrounded by a wall has a typical defensive character. The land planning is based on the high terrain and streets, and is also affected by commercial factors, reflecting the uniqueness of the region. This paper discusses the spatial differences of residential courtyards in the Ming, Qing and 1912~1949 year periods, and compares them with the composition of courtyards in Beijing. This research can not only provide a reference for the cultural inheritance of traditional Chinese village spaces, but also obtain basic information for later surveys of satisfaction with the human settlement environment.